College Physics

The decibel level of a sound having the threshold intensity of 10 – 12W/m^2 isβ= 0 dB, becauselog 10 1 = 0. That is, the thresho ...

You are given that the ratio of two intensities is 2 to 1, and are then asked to find the difference in their sound levels in de ...

The Doppler effect is an alteration in the observed frequency of a sound due to motion of either the source or the observer. Alt ...

The Doppler Effect The Doppler effect occurs not only for sound but for any wave when there is relative motion between the obser ...

The quantity in the square brackets is the Doppler-shifted frequency due to a moving observer. The factor on the right is the ef ...

Sonic booms are one example of a broader phenomenon called bow wakes. Abow wake, such as the one inFigure 17.19, is created when ...

17.5 Sound Interference and Resonance: Standing Waves in Air Columns Figure 17.21Some types of headphones use the phenomena of c ...

Figure 17.23Resonance of air in a tube closed at one end, caused by a tuning fork. A disturbance moves down the tube. Figure 17. ...

Figure 17.27The same standing wave is created in the tube by a vibration introduced near its closed end. Given that maximum air ...

Figure 17.30The throat and mouth form an air column closed at one end that resonates in response to vibrations in the voice box. ...

(17.35) L= vw 4 f 1 = 344 m/s 4 (128 Hz) = 0.672 m Discussion on (a) Many wind instruments are modified tubes that have finger h ...

Figure 17.32String instruments such as violins and guitars use resonance in their sounding boxes to amplify and enrich the sound ...

PhET Explorations: Sound This simulation lets you see sound waves. Adjust the frequency or volume and you can see and hear how t ...

takes us into the realm of perceptual psychology, where higher-level processes in the brain are dominant. This is true for other ...

can hear some sounds at intensity levels below 0 dB. For example, a 3-dB, 5000-Hz sound is audible, because it lies above the 0- ...

Figure 17.38Audiograms showing the threshold in intensity level versus frequency for three different individuals. Intensity leve ...

Figure 17.40This schematic shows the middle ear’s system for converting sound pressure into force, increasing that force through ...

17.7 Ultrasound Figure 17.42Ultrasound is used in medicine to painlessly and noninvasively monitor patient health and diagnose a ...

path, both on its journey away from the transducer and on its return journey. From the time between when the original signal is ...

The intensity reflection coefficient for any boundary between two media is given bya= ⎛ ⎝Z 2 −Z 1 ⎞ ⎠ 2 ⎛ ⎝Z 1 +Z 2 ⎞ ⎠ 2 , and ...