College Physics

baryon number:

baryons:

boson:

bottom:

charm:

colliding beams:

color:

conservation of total baryon number:

conservation of total electron family number:

conservation of total muon family number:

cyclotron:

down:

electron family number:

electroweak theory:

Feynman diagram:

fermion:

flavors:

fundamental particle:

gauge boson:

gluons:

gluons:

grand unified theory:

Higgs boson:

Figure 33.25In the Tevatron accelerator at Fermilab, protons and antiprotons collide at high energies, and some of those collisions could result in the production of a Higgs

boson in association with aWboson. When theWboson decays to a high-energy lepton and a neutrino, the detector triggers on the lepton, whether it is an electron or a

muon. (credit: D. J. Miller)

Glossary

a conserved physical quantity that is zero for mesons and leptons and±1for baryons and antibaryons, respectively

hadrons that always decay to another baryon

particle with zero or an integer value of intrinsic spin

a quark flavor

a quark flavor, which is the counterpart of the strange quark

head-on collisions between particles moving in opposite directions

a quark flavor

a general rule based on the observation that the total number of nucleons was always conserved in

nuclear reactions and decays

a general rule stating that the total electron family number stays the same through an interaction

a general rule stating that the total muon family number stays the same through an interaction

accelerator that uses fixed-frequency alternating electric fields and fixed magnets to accelerate particles in a circular spiral path

the second-lightest of all quarks

the number±1that is assigned to all members of the electron family, or the number 0 that is assigned to all particles

not in the electron family

theory showing connections between EM and weak forces

a graph of time versus position that describes the exchange of virtual particles between subatomic particles

particle with a half-integer value of intrinsic spin

quark type

particle with no substructure

particle that carries one of the four forces

exchange particles, analogous to the exchange of photons that gives rise to the electromagnetic force between two charged particles

eight proposed particles which carry the strong force

theory that shows unification of the strong and electroweak forces

a massive particle that, if observed, would give validity to the theory that carrier particles are identical under certain circumstances

1204 CHAPTER 33 | PARTICLE PHYSICS

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