0071643192.pdf

■ Recurrent aspiration (eg, severe GERD, disordered swallow) ■ Lower airway obstruction with tumor SYMPTOMS Patients often have ...

THORACIC AND RESPIRATORY DISORDERS TABLE 10.8. Common Community-Acquired Pneumonia Pathogens ORGANISM CLASSICPATIENT CLASSICCLIN ...

SYMPTOMS/EXAM ■ Fever, dyspnea, or cough productive of purulent or bloody sputum are most common. ■ Pleuritic chest pain, tachyp ...

THORACIC AND RESPIRATORY DISORDERS ■ Cavitation ■ WBC count >30,000 or <4000 cells/mm^3 TREATMENT ■ ThePneumonia Patient O ...

■ Outpatient empiric therapy ■ Healthy adults: Macrolide (azithromycin or clarithromycin) or doxy- cycline. ■ Adults with comorb ...

THORACIC AND RESPIRATORY DISORDERS SYMPTOMS/EXAM ■ Infection can be clinically silent. ■ Primary infection is characterized by c ...

DIAGNOSIS ■ CXR: Fibronodular, interstitial, or alveolar infiltrates ■ Positive fungal stains, cultures, or serologic testing ar ...

THORACIC AND RESPIRATORY DISORDERS COMPLICATIONS Endocarditis or hepatitis Pneumocystis Pneumonia CAUSES PCP results from reacti ...

■ Host becomes immunocompromised (eg, HIV, malignancy, immunosup- pressant medications) →reactivationof latent disease and sympt ...

THORACIC AND RESPIRATORY DISORDERS DIAGNOSIS ■ CXR ■ Primary TB:May be completely normal or reveal nonspecific infiltrate in any ...

Risk factors include any process that alters the gag/cough reflex. ■ Drug or alcohol intoxication ■ General anesthesia/sedation ...

THORACIC AND RESPIRATORY DISORDERS ■ K. pneumoniae ■ Gram-negative bacilli ■ Streptococcus pyogenes ■ Nocardia asteroids ■ Actin ...

TREATMENT ■ Drainage of pleural space:Required in all cases ■ If exudative stage: Tube thoracostomy and IV antibiotics ■ Fibrino ...

THORACIC AND RESPIRATORY DISORDERS DIAGNOSIS Both ALI and ARDS are clinically defined by rapidity of symptom onset, oxy- genatio ...

Transudative Effusion ■ Occurs because of an imbalance between hydrostatic and oncotic pres- sures in the pleural space ■ The ma ...

THORACIC AND RESPIRATORY DISORDERS SPONTANEOUS AND IATROGENIC PNEUMOTHORAX Pneumothorax is defined as the presence of air in the ...

■ The physical exam may be normal if the pneumothorax is small. ■ If the pneumothorax is large, exam may reveal ↓chest movement, ...

THORACIC AND RESPIRATORY DISORDERS EXAM ■ Crepitus suggestive of subcutaneous air is the most common finding. ■ Hamman signis a ...

■ Redness and swelling around surgical site ■ Hamman sign (systolic crunching sound) DIFFERENTIAL Cellulitis, necrotizing fascii ...

THORACIC AND RESPIRATORY DISORDERS ■ CXR: Generally signs of interstitial fibrosis ■ Asbestosis: Coarse honeycombing in advanced ...