1300 Math Formulas

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1300 Math Formulas = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = fp_k= =VVQVNMTTQN= `çéóêáÖÜí=«=OMMQ=^KpîáêáåK=^ää ...

i = qÜáë=é~ÖÉ=áë=áåíÉåíáçå~ääó=äÉÑí=Ää~åâK= ...

ii Preface = = = = qÜáë= Ü~åÇÄççâ= áë= ~= ÅçãéäÉíÉ= ÇÉëâíçé= êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ= Ñçê= ëíì- ÇÉåíë= ~åÇ= ÉåÖáåÉÉêëK= fí= Ü~ë= ÉîÉêóíÜáåÖ= Ñ ...

iii Contents = = = = 1 krjbo=pbqp= NKN= pÉí=fÇÉåíáíáÉë== 1 = NKO= pÉíë=çÑ=kìãÄÉêë== 5 = NKP= ~ëáÅ=fÇÉåíáíáÉë== 7 = NKQ= `çãéäÉñ= ...

iv PKNP= háíÉ== 42 = PKNQ= óÅäáÅ=nì~Çêáä~íÉê~ä== 43 = PKNR= q~åÖÉåíá~ä=nì~Çêáä~íÉê~ä== 45 = PKNS= dÉåÉê~ä=nì~Çêáä~íÉê~ä== 46 = P ...

v QKS= oÉÇìÅíáçå=cçêãìä~ë== 89 = QKT= mÉêáçÇáÅáíó=çÑ=qêáÖçåçãÉíêáÅ=cìåÅíáçåë== 90 = QKU= oÉä~íáçåë=ÄÉíïÉÉå=qêáÖçåçãÉíêáÅ=cìåÅíáç ...

vi TKO= qïç=-aáãÉåëáçå~ä=ççêÇáå~íÉ=póëíÉã== 131 = TKP= píê~áÖÜí=iáåÉ=áå=mä~åÉ== 139 = TKQ=áêÅäÉ== 149 = TKR= bääáéëÉ== 152 = TKS ...

vii VKNO= iáåÉ=fåíÉÖê~ä== 275 = VKNP= pìêÑ~ÅÉ=fåíÉÖê~ä== 285 = 10 afccbobkqf^i=bnr^qflkp= NMKN= cáêëí=lêÇÉê=lêÇáå~êó=aáÑÑÉêÉåíá~ ...

viii = qÜáë=é~ÖÉ=áë=áåíÉåíáçå~ääó=äÉÑí=Ää~åâK= ...

Chapter 1 Number Sets = = = = 1.1 Set Identities = pÉíëW=^I=_I=`= råáîÉêë~ä=ëÉíW=f= `çãéäÉãÉåí=W=^′= mêçéÉê=ëìÄëÉíW=^⊂_== bãéíó= ...

CHAPTER 1. NUMBER SETS ===== = = Figure 1. = `çããìí~íáîáíó= ^∪=∪^= ^ëëçÅá~íáîáíó= ^∪()()∪` =^∪ ∪`= fåíÉêëÉÅíáçå=çÑ=pÉíë= ` ...

CHAPTER 1. NUMBER SETS aáëíêáÄìíáîáíó= ^∪()()∩` = ^∪ ∩(^∪)I= ^∩()()_∪ =^∩_ ∪(^∩`)K= fÇÉãéçíÉåÅó= ^∩^=^I== ^∪^=^= açãáå~íáç ...

CHAPTER 1. NUMBER SETS ===== = = Figure 3. = _y^=y()^∩ = y^=∩^′ = ^y^=∅ ^y=^=áÑ=^∩=∅. ===== = = Figure 4. = () ( )^y∩ ...

CHAPTER 1. NUMBER SETS 1.2 Sets of Numbers = k~íìê~ä=åìãÄÉêëW=k= tÜçäÉ=åìãÄÉêëW=kM= fåíÉÖÉêëW=w= mçëáíáîÉ=áåíÉÖÉêëW=w=+ kÉÖ~íáîÉ ...

CHAPTER 1. NUMBER SETS oÉ~ä=kìãÄÉêë== råáçå=çÑ=ê~íáçå~ä=~åÇ=áêê~íáçå~ä=åìãÄÉêëW=oK= çãéäÉñ=kìãÄÉêë ={}ñ+áóöñ∈o~åÇ ó∈oI== ïÜÉ ...

CHAPTER 1. NUMBER SETS 1.3 Basic Identities = oÉ~ä=åìãÄÉêëW=~I=ÄI=Å= = = ^ÇÇáíáîÉ=fÇÉåíáíó= ~+M=~= ^ÇÇáíáîÉ=fåîÉêëÉ= ~+()−~ ...

CHAPTER 1. NUMBER SETS ^ëëçÅá~íáîÉ=çÑ=jìäíáéäáÅ~íáçå= () ()~⋅Ä⋅Å=~⋅Ä⋅Å aáëíêáÄìíáîÉ=i~ï= ~()Ä+Å =~Ä+~Å= aÉÑáåáíáçå=çÑ=aáîáë ...

CHAPTER 1. NUMBER SETS ===== = = Figure 6. = ()()~+Äá+ Å+Çá =(~+Å)+(Ä+Ç)á= = ()()~+Äá−Å+Çá =(~−Å)+(Ä−Ç)á= = ()()~+Äá Å+Çá = ...

CHAPTER 1. NUMBER SETS = = Figure 7. = mçä~ê=mêÉëÉåí~íáçå=çÑ=`çãéäÉñ=kìãÄÉêë= ~+Äá=ê()Åçëφ+áëáåφ = jçÇìäìë=~åÇ=^êÖìãÉåí=çÑ=~= ...