An Indigenous Peoples History of the United States Ortiz

290 Index

rejection of Indian Reorganization

Act by, 171-72

Nazi Germany, 204-5

NCAI (National Congress of Ameri-

can Indians), 57, 175, 18 4, 193

Neal, Richard, 57, 193

neocolonialism, 7, 190

New Deal, 17 0-7 2

New England colony, 62 -64

"new frontier," 178 -80

New Mexico: land-grant settlements

in, 258 -59n5; Spanish settler­

colonists in, 12 5; statehood of, 124

New Spain, 43

"New World," 42

Nimi'ipuu (Chief Joseph, Nez Perce),

14 9-50, 165

Nixon, Richard M., 17 9-80, 18 4,

NIYC.^185 (National Indian Youth Coun­

cil), 181, 182 , 185, 210

Northwest Ordinance (1787), 3, 124

Obama, Barack: on colonial power,

115 -16; and Violence Against

Women Act, 214

Office oflndian Affairs, 10 2-3, 151,

189

Oglethorpe, James, 66

Ohio Country: and Northwest

Ordinance, 3; Tecumseh in, 84-87;

transfer from Britain of, 78; during

war for independence, 71 -74; after

war of independence, 81 -8 3

Ojibwe Nation, 24, 216 -1 7

Oklahoma: Green Corn Rebellion in,

16 6-67; statehood of, 15 9. See also

Indian Territory (Oklahoma)

"Oklahoma Run," 158

Old Lady Horse, 143

Olmec civilization, 19

Oneida Nation, 77

"Operation Wetback," 176

origin myths/narratives, 2, 3-4,

12 - 13,47-51, 102 -7

Ortiz, SimonJ., 133, 137 , 236

Osage Nation, 215 -16

overgrazing, 17 1-72

Pacific Railroad Act (1862), 140

Paha Sapa. See Black Hills (Paha

Sa pa)

pan-Indigenous movement, 10 ,

84 -8 5

patriotism: Alamo and, 12 7; after

Civil War, 14 0; and covenant, 50,

51; under Andrew Jackson, 102 -7,

108, 115 ; origin story and, 47

Patton, George, 16 7, 194

Pequot War (16 37 ), 62-63, 64

Percy, George, 60

Pershing, John J., 167

Persian Gulf War, 57 , 193-94

Philippines, US occupation of, 16 4,

165 -66

Pike, Zebulon M., 12 0-22, 123

Pilgrims, 49

Pine Ridge Sioux Reservation: Guard­

ians of the Oglala Nation at, 18 6,

25on22; home rule in, 190 ; poverty

and social dysfunction in, 208,

211; and Trail of Broken Treaties,

18 5-86; and Wounded Knee Mas­

sacre, 15 4-5 6

Plains Indians: and Geronimo, 15 0;

relocation of, 15 0, 151 ; scorched­

earth forays against, 139 ; slaughter

of buffalo of, 142 -43, 220; Win­

chester rifle in campaign against,

234

plantation(s): economy of, 5 5, 92-93,

10 9; and Hawkins project, 98;

Muskogee, 10 0; owned by Scots­

Irish, 5 3; vs. small-scale farmers,

55, 71, 80, 10 9, 13 4; in Spanish

Florida, 66, 10 2; in Texas, 12 6-27