Physical Chemistry , 1st ed.
discuss the electromagnetic spectrum and see how the different forms of spec- troscopy relate to the energies of photons. Rotati ...
where ˆis the electric dipole operator, eis the charge on the particle, and xi,yi, and ziare the coordinates of the particle. T ...
the same as in vacuum. This assumption is not valid for condensed phases like water, glass, or any other transparent medium. The ...
At lower frequencies than visible light, there are infrared (“lower than red,” ab- breviated IR) radiation, microwaves, and radi ...
Example 14.2 Water absorbs infrared radiation that has a frequency of 1595 cm^1 .Convert this wavenumber into a wavelength in m ...
where now the quantum number for the molecule’s z-component rotational motion is represented by MJ.MJis bounded by J, just as m ...
to visualize all three of the principal axes. (Can you do it?) One axis is the molecular threefold rotational symmetry axis. The ...
Ib, and Ic(instead ofIx,Iy, and Iz). The definitions for the various types of non- linear molecules are therefore Spherical top: ...
The rotational energies of symmetric tops are further divided into prolate and oblate symmetric tops. We first look at the prola ...
b.Calculate the rotational constants A,B, and C. c.What is the value of the lowest nonzero rotational energy? d.What is the valu ...
moment. If it does, the rotation will provide an oscillating electromagnetic field on the order of the light’s oscillating field ...
where Jrefers to the change in the Jquantum number for the rotational transition.* This is for an ideal process. Under real con ...
Equation 14.21 is commonly rewritten in terms of the rotational constant B. Factoring out 2 from the terms involving J, equation ...
J 5 →J6: line position 12 B124.3 cm^1 , therefore B10.36 cm^1 J 6 →J7: line position 14 B145.0 cm^1 , therefore B ...
Pure rotational spectra usually occur in the microwave region of the elec- tromagnetic spectrum, so the phrases “rotational spec ...
Rotational spectra, like those in Figures 14.11 and 14.12, show an interest- ing intensity pattern. The intensity pattern of rot ...
molecules, since MJdoes not affect the rotational energy it will have no effect on the rotational spectrum unless the molecules ...
14.7 Centrifugal Distortions Although the above sections suggest that rotational spectra are very simple, complications arise be ...
Example 14.10 Find the energy of the J 10 →J11 transition for HCl for two cases: as- sume a pure rigid rotor behavior, and the ...
symmetric tops, however, the situation is somewhat more complicated be- cause there are two different moments of inertia and the ...
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