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4321 Fig. 10.14Photograph showing four tracks from a 0.8% agarose submarine gel. The gel was run at 40 V in Tris/ borate/EDTA bu ...

10.4.2 DNA sequencing gels Although agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA is a ‘workhorse’ technique for the molecular biologist, a ...

from other infected people, then it can be assumed that they were all infected from a common source. Thus by comparing their eat ...

resolved and any degradation (seen as a smear) or DNA contamination is seen easily. This can be achieved on a 2.55% acrylamide ...

common nowadays. The microscale nature of the capillary used, where only micro- litres of reagent are consumed by analysis and o ...

The basic apparatus for CE is shown diagrammatically in Fig. 10.17. A small plug of sample solution (typically 5 30 mm^3 ) is i ...

transmits a signal to a recorder, integrator or computer. Typical run times are between 10 and 30 min. A typical capillary elect ...

cathode. Since detection normally takes place at only one end of the capillary, only one class of species can be detected at a t ...

methods, allowing very high speed analyses at very low sample sizes. For example, microchip analysis can often be completed in t ...

11 Chromatographic techniques K. WILSON 11.1 Principles of chromatography 11.2 Chromatographic performance parameters 11.3 High- ...

may be liquid or gaseous, and which is passed over or through the stationary phase after the mixture of analytes to be separated ...

11.1.3 Analyte development and elution Analyte development and elution relates to the separation of the mixture of analytes appl ...

process such as adsorption, partition, ion exchange, ion pairing and molecular exclu- sion. These mechanisms involve the unique ...

11.2.3 Retention factor One of the most important parameters in chromatography is theretention factor, k(previously calledcapaci ...

11.2.4 Plate height and resolution Plate height Chromatography columns are considered to consist of a number of adjacent zones i ...

Peak broadening A number of processes oppose the formation of a narrow analyte peak thereby increasing the plate height: Applic ...

Two of these four factors promoting the broadening of the analyte band are influ- enced by the flow rate of the eluent through t ...

width of the peak will double. Thus the longer it takes a given analyte to elute, the wider will be its peak. For this reason, i ...

two phases or their relative volumes will impact on resolution. Retention factors are also dependent upon distribution coefficie ...

Example 1CALCULATION OF THE RESOLUTION OF TWO ANALYTES Question Two analytes A and B were separated on a 25 cm long column. The ...