- b. e. a. Psychosocial d. may occur in the presence of electrolyte disturbances, Medicationdepressive illness occurs as a result of impaired cognition. Cognitive:of self by the individual. The perceptions are of inade-object (Sadock & Sadock, 2007).internally directed because of identifia depressive syndrome as a side effect. Common ones in-clude anxiolytics, antipsychotics, and sedative-hypnotics. Antihypertensive medications such as propranolol and re-serpine have been known to produce depressive symptoms.Disturbed thought processes foster a negative evaluation Otherin clients with melancholia, the depressed person’s rage is straction of value to the individual. Freud indicated that or emotionally by rejection, or the loss of some other ab-after the loss of a loved object, either actually by death Psychoanalytical: hormone have been associated with depressed mood in hormonal disturbances, nutritional defisome individuals.with certain physical disorders, such as cardiovascular accident, systemic lupus erythematosus, hepatitis, and diabetes mellitus.quacy and worthlessness. Outlook for the future is one of^ Physiological Beck and colleagues (1979) proposed that^ Side^ Effects:Freud observed that melancholia occurs^ Conditions: A number of drugs can produce Mood Disorders: Depression Depressive symptoms cation with the lost ciencies, and ●^127
2506_Ch06_125-144.indd 0127 2506 Ch 06 125 - 144 .indd 0127 d. c. This “learned helplessness” is viewed as a predisposition to depressive illness.LearningObjectpessimism and hopelessness.poses that depressive illness is predisposed by the individ-ual’s belief that there is a lack of control over his or her life situation. It is thought that this belief arises out of experiences that result in failure (either perceived or real). that depressive illness occurs as a result of having been abandoned by, or otherwise separated from, a signifiFollowing numerous failures, the individual feels helpless other during the fito succeed at any endeavor and therefore gives up trying. period the mother represents the child’s main source of security, she is the “object.” The response occurs not only with a physical loss. This absence of attachment, which may be either physical or emotional, leads to feelings of helplessness and despair that contribute to lifelong pat-terns of depression in response to loss.^ Loss^ Theory:^ Theory: rst 6 months of life. Because during this Learning theory (Seligman, 1973) pro- The theory of object loss suggests cant 1 10/1/10 9:34:33 AM 0 / 1 / 10 9 : 34 : 33 AM
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