Study Guide for Fundamentals of Nursing The Art and Science of Nursing Care

CHAPTER 19 CONCEPTION THROUGH YOUNG ADULT 105

Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Study Guide for Fundamentals of Nursing:

a.The preschooler is in Piaget’s preoperational

stage of development.

b.The preschooler is in Freud’s phallic stage.

c.The preschooler is in Erickson’s stage of

industry versus inferiority.

d.According to Havighurst, the preschooler

has the developmental task of developing

conscience and morality.

e.According to Fowler, the preschooler

imitates the religious behaviors of others.

f.According to Kohlberg, the preschooler is

aware of the need to respect authority.

5.Which of the following statements accurately

describe the physiologic development of the

school-aged child? (Select all that apply.)

a.The brain reaches 90% to 95% of adult

size.

b.The nervous system is 50% matured, result-

ing in coordinated body movements.

c.Sexual organs grow but are dormant until

late in this period.

d.All permanent teeth are present.

e.Height increases 2 to 3 inches a year.

f.Weight increases 3 to 6 pounds a year.

6.Which of the following accurately describe the

cognitive and psychosocial development of

the adolescent? (Select all that apply.)

a.The concept of time and its passage enables

the adolescent to set long-term goals.

b.According to Piaget, adolescence is the

stage when the cognitive development of

formal operations is developed.

c.In the adolescent, egocentrism diminishes

and is replaced by an awareness of the

needs of others.

d.Based on Erikson’s theory, the adolescent

tries out different roles and personal

choices and beliefs in the stage called

generativity versus stagnation.

e.The parents act as the greatest influence on

the adolescent.

f.According to Havighurst, more mature rela-

tionships with boys and girls are achieved

by the adolescent.

Chart/Exhibit Question

Use the chart below to determine the 5-minute

Apgar score of the following neonates:

1.A neonate has a pink skin tone on the body

with blue extremities, displays minimum

resistance to having extremities extended, has

a hearty cry, and has a heart rate of 105 beats

per minute. Score _______

2.A neonate has a pale skin tone, heart rate of

96 beats per minute, respiratory rate of 20

breaths per minute, a weak cry, and no response

to being slapped on the sole. Score _______

3.A neonate has a pink skin color, cries vigorously,

clenches fists and flexes knees, and has a heart

rate of 130 beats per minute. Score _______

Apgar Scoring Chart

Category* 0 1 2

Heart rate Absent Slow (less than 100 beats/min) More than 100 beats/min

Respiratory effort Absent Slow, irregular Good, crying

Muscle tone Flaccid Some flexion of extremities Active motion

Reflex irritability No response Weak cry or grimace Vigorous cry

Color Blue, pale Body pink, extremities blue Completely pink

*Each category is rated as 0, 1, or 2. The rating for each category is then totaled to a maximum score of 10. Normal neonates

score between 7 and 10. Neonates who score between 4 and 6 require special assistance; those who score below 4 are in need

of immediate life-saving support.

LWBK696-C19_p103-109.qxd 9/2/10 9:30 AM Page 105 Aptara Inc