b.Alkalosis:6.Describe the following acid–base imbalances
and their effect on the body.
a.Respiratory acidosis:b.Respiratory alkalosis:c. Metabolic acidosis:d.Metabolic alkalosis:7.Describe the causes of the following changes
in hemoglobin and hematocrit.
a.Increased hematocrit:b.Decreased hematocrit:c. Increased hemoglobin:d.Decreased hemoglobin:8.Briefly describe the following screening tests.
a.Urine pH and specific gravity:b.Serum electrolytes:c. Arterial blood gases:9.You are the visiting nurse for an elderly patient
with diabetes. List four factors you should con-
sider to prevent fluid imbalance for this patient.
a.b.c.d.10.List four guidelines for selecting a vein for
an IV.
a.
b.
c.
d.
11.List the important points a home healthcare
nurse should address when caring for a
patient on home infusion therapy.APPLYING YOUR KNOWLEDGE
CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS
1.Assess the following patients for fluid,
electrolyte, and acid–base balance. What
knowledge of the factors that influence fluid
and electrolyte and acid–base balance would
you draw on to develop a plan to prevent
recurrence of these patient problems?
a.A long-distance runner who is practicing
on a hot day experiences dizziness and
shows signs of dehydration
b.An older man with persistent heartburn
ingests a large amount of sodium bicarbon-
ate in 1 day
c.An infant is brought to the ER severely
dehydrated after an extended bout of
diarrhea.
2.Plan a low-salt diet for a patient who has high
blood pressure. List healthy foods that are low
in salt, as well as foods that are high in salt
and that should be avoided. Check the sodium
content of fast food in restaurants to see if any
of these foods could be included on the diet.280 UNIT VII PROMOTING HEALTHY PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSES
Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Study Guide for Fundamentals of Nursing:LWBK696-C40_p272-282.qxd 9/3/10 12:35 PM Page 280 Aptara Inc