2.Substances capable of breaking into electrically
charged ions when dissolved in a solution are
called solutes.
True False
3.A hypertonic solutionhas less osmolarity
than plasma.
True False
4.Ingested liquidsmake up the largest
amount of water normally taken into
the body.
True False
5.The acidity or alkalinity of a solution is
determined by its concentration of oxygen
ions.
True False
6.An acidis a substance that can accept or trap
hydrogen ions.
True False
7.Normal blood plasma is slightly acidicand
has a normal pH of 7.35 to 7.45.
True False
8.The kidneysare the primary controller of the
body’s carbonic acid supply.
True False
9.Excessive retention of water and sodium in
ECF results in a condition termed fluid
volume excess or hypervolemia.
True False
10.Hypokalemiarefers to a surplus of sodium in
ECF that can result from excess water loss or
an overall excess of sodium.
True False
11.Acid–base imbalances occur when the ECF
and ICF carbonic acid or bicarbonate levels
become equal.
True False
12.Arterial blood gasesare most commonly used
to assess and treat acid–base imbalances.
True FalseSHORT ANSWER
1.Briefly describe how the following processes
transport materials to and from intracellular
compartments.a.Osmosis:b.Diffusion:c. Active transport:2.Give an example of how water is derived from
the following sources.
a.Ingested liquids:b.Food:c. Metabolic oxidation:3.List three mechanisms for water loss in the
body.
a.
b.
c.
4.Explain how the following organs/systems of
the body maintain fluid homeostasis.
a.Kidneys:b.Cardiovascular system:c. Lungs:d.Thyroid:e.Parathyroid glands:f. Gastrointestinal tract:g.Nervous system:5.Give a brief description of the following
conditions.
a.Acidosis:CHAPTER 40 FLUID, ELECTROLYTE, AND ACID–BASE BALANCE 279
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