24 UNIT I FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING PRACTICE
Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Study Guide for Fundamentals of Nursing:
f.Madeline Leininger: Caring is the central
theme of nursing care, nursing knowledge,
and nursing practice.
6.Which of the following are key points in the
general systems theory? (Select all that apply.)
a.A system is a set of separate and distinct
elements.
b.The whole system is always greater than the
sum of its parts.
c.Systems are hierarchical in nature and are
composed of interrelated subsystems that
work together to effect change.
d.Systems are not separated from each other
by boundaries.
e.A system communicates with and reacts to
its environment through input and output.
f.A closed system allows input from or output
to the environment.
DEVELOPING YOUR
KNOWLEDGE BASE
FILL-IN-THE-BLANKS
- research involves the concepts of
basic and applied research. - are abstract impressions
organized into symbols of reality.
3.The theory describes the process
by which living matter adjusts to other living
things and to environmental conditions. - is the patient’s right to agree
knowledgeably, to participate in a study without
coercion, or to refuse to participate without
jeopardizing the care he/she will receive. - is nursing care provided that is
supported by reliable research-based evidence.
MATCHING EXERCISES
Match the term in Part A with the correct
definition listed in Part B.
PART A
a.Adaptation theory
b.General systems theory
c.Philosophy
d.Concept
e.Theory
f.Process
g.Developmental theory
h.Nursing theory
i.System
j.Knowledge system
PART B
- The action phase of a conceptual
framework; a series of actions, changes, or
functions that bring about a desired goal - The study of wisdom, fundamental knowl-
edge, and the processes used to develop
and construct our perceptions of life - A set of interacting elements, all serving
the common purpose of contributing an
overall goal - Differentiates nursing from other
disciplines and activities in that it serves
the purposes of describing, explaining,
predicting, and controlling desired
outcomes of nursing care practices - Abstract impressions from the
environment organized into symbols of
reality; describes objects, properties, and
events and the relationships among them - A statement that explains or characterizes
an action, occurrence, or event that is
based on observed facts but lacks absolute
or direct proof - Emphasizes relationships between the
whole and the parts and describes how
parts function and behave - Defines a continuously occurring process
that effects change and involves interac-
tion and response - Outlines human growth as a predictable
and orderly process beginning with con-
ception and ending with death
SHORT ANSWER
1.Nursing theories are often based on, and influ-
enced by, other broadly applicable processes
and theories. Briefly describe the ideas and
principles of the following theories that are
basic to many nursing concepts.
a.General systems theory:
LWBK696-C05_p22-26.qxd 9/2/10 9:19 AM Page 24 Aptara Inc