Study Guide for Fundamentals of Nursing The Art and Science of Nursing Care

REFLECTIVE PRACTICE USING CRITICAL

THINKING SKILLS

Sample Answers

1.What should be the focus of the nursing care plan

developed for Ms. Leming?

The immediate focus should be the health habits of

the mother and their effect on the fetus. Ms. Lem-

ing’s nursing care plan should include patient

teaching regarding the detrimental effects of smok-

ing and drinking alcohol on the fetus, and the

necessity to control nausea and eat a proper diet.

Ms. Leming could benefit from a referral to counsel-

ing and/or social services.

2.What would be a successful outcome for this

patient?

By end of visit, Ms. Leming states that she values

her health and the health of her fetus enough to

stop smoking and drinking alcohol.

By next visit, Ms. Leming reports that her nausea is

under control and she is able to eat three healthy

meals a day.

3.What intellectual, technical, interpersonal, and/or

ethical/legal competencies are most likely to bring

about the desired outcome?

Intellectual: knowledge of the developmental needs

of fetuses and the effects of maternal behaviors,

such as smoking and alcohol consumption on the

fetus

Technical: ability to provide the technical nursing

assistance necessary to assess and meet the needs

of a pregnant woman and her fetus

Interpersonal: ability to demonstrate nonjudgmen-

tal attitude when interacting in potentially

emotionally charged situations, such as a high-risk

pregnancy

Ethical/Legal: knowledge of the nurse’s legal and

ethical obligations in cases of maternal–fetal

conflict

4.What resources might be helpful for Ms. Leming?

Counseling services, social services, community

services, support groups, printed materials on

healthy pregnancy behaviors

CHAPTER 20

PRACTICING FOR NCLEX

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1.c 2.a 3.d 4.b 5.c

6.a 7.d 8.b 9.b

ALTERNATE-FORMAT QUESTIONS

Multiple Response Questions

1.c, e, f

2.a, c, d, e

3.a, b, e, f

4.c, d, e

5.a, c, f

DEVELOPING YOUR KNOWLEDGE BASE

FILL-IN-THE-BLANKS

1.Cross-linkage

2.40 to 65 years

3.Sandwich generation

4.60 to 74, 75 to 84, 85 and older

5.Ageism

6.Identity-continuity

7.Life review, reminiscence

8.Alzheimer’s disease

9.Reality orientation

10.Gerontology

SHORT ANSWER

1. a.Middle adulthood:
   Physiologic development: The early years are
   marked by maximum physical development and
   functioning. As time passes, gradual internal and
   external changes occur.
   Psychosocial development: Usually a time of
   increased personal freedom, economic stability,
   social relationships, increased responsibility, and
   awareness of one’s own mortality
   Cognitive, moral, and spiritual development:
   Intellectual abilities change from those of the
   young adult. There is increased motivation to
   learn. Problem-solving abilities remain, although
   response time may be slightly longer.
   b.Older adulthood:
   Physiologic development: The process of aging
   becomes more rapid. All organ systems undergo
   some degree of decline, and the body becomes
   less efficient.
   Psychosocial development: Most continue their
   activities from middle adulthood and adapt intu-
   itively to gradual limitations of aging.
   Cognitive, moral, and spiritual development: Cog-
   nition does not change appreciably with aging; an
   older adult continues to learn and solve problems,
   and intelligence and personality remain consistent.
   2.Sample answers:
   a.Complete physical examination every 2 years
   b.Annual dental examination
   c. Eye examination every 1 to 2 years
   d.Maintenance of current immunizations
   e.Cancer screening for women


2. a.Genetic theory: Explains that life span depends
   to a great extent on genetic factors
   b.Immunity theory: Focuses on the functions of
   the immune system, which declines steadily
   after young adulthood
   c. Cross-linkage theory: As one ages, cross-links
   accumulate, leading to essential molecules in the
   cell binding together and interfering with
   normal cell function.
   d.Free radical theory: Free radicals formed during
   cellular metabolism are molecules with separated
   high-energy electrons that can have adverse
   effects on and attack adjacent molecules.

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