xxv
- Courtroom Sketches .............................................................................................................. 286
- Cameras ................................................................................................................................. 286
B. Privilege To Gather News ............................................................................................................ 286
C. Privilege Of Non-Disclosure ....................................................................................................... 286 - Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 286
- Cases ....................................................................................................................................... 287
D. Search And Seizure ...................................................................................................................... 288
E. University Press ............................................................................................................................ 288
F. Equal Treatment Requirement ..................................................................................................... 288
II. FREEDOM OF SPEECH ................................................................................................................. 288
A. Source ........................................................................................................................................... 288
B. Standards For Adjudicating Substantive First Amendment Rights ............................................ 288- Clear and Present Danger Test .............................................................................................. 288
- The Bad Tendency Test .......................................................................................................... 289
- Regulation of Speech Advocating the Forceful Destruction of Government ........................ 289
- Regulatory Ordinances .......................................................................................................... 290
C. Picketing, Demonstrations, And The Distribution Of Information .......................................... 290 - Parades and Assemblies .......................................................................................................... 290
- Leafletting and Other Forms of Information Distribution ................................................... 290
- News Racks ............................................................................................................................ 292
- Demonstrations and Protests ................................................................................................ 292
D. Campaigning, Canvassing And Soliciting .................................................................................. 294 - Campaigning ......................................................................................................................... 294
- Canvassing and Soliciting ...................................................................................................... 295
- Voters’ Rights ........................................................................................................................ 297
E. Actions And Conduct Which Constitute Symbolic Speech ....................................................... 297
F. Chilling Effect .............................................................................................................................. 298
G. Offensive Speech ......................................................................................................................... 299
H. Commercial Speech ...................................................................................................................... 301
I. Defamation ................................................................................................................................... 303
J. Restriction of First Amendment Rights of Attorneys in Criminal Trials ..................................... 304 - Contempt .............................................................................................................................. 304
- Pre-trial Publicity .................................................................................................................. 304
K. Challenges to Constitutionality of Ordinances ........................................................................... 304
L. Censorship of Prison Mail ............................................................................................................ 307
M. Public Employees - Free Speech in the Workplace .................................................................... 307
III. RIGHT OF EXPRESSIVE ASSOCIATION ................................................................................... 308
IV. THE ESTABLISHMENT CLAUSE ................................................................................................. 3 08
V. FREE EXERCISE CLAUSE ............................................................................................................... 310
VI. MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS OF FIRST AMENDMENT LAW .................................... 311