xlviii
- Assault Element ..................................................................................................................... 633
C. Flight from Attempted or Completed Robbery ......................................................................... 633
D. Deadly Weapon ........................................................................................................................... 633
E. Grading ........................................................................................................................................ 634
II. MERGER ........................................................................................................................................... 634
III. DEFENSES ...................................................................................................................................... 635
IV. SENTENCING ................................................................................................................................ 635
SEARCH AND SEIZURE .......................................................................................................................... 636
I. GENERAL PRINCIPLES ................................................................................................................... 636
II. WARRANT SEARCHES ................................................................................................................... 638
III. WARRANTLESS SEARCHES ......................................................................................................... 639
A. Abandonment .............................................................................................................................. 639
B. Automobile Cases ........................................................................................................................ 640- Stops ...................................................................................................................................... 640
- Automobile Exception ............................................................................................................ 641
- Search incident to arrest ......................................................................................................... 641
C. Consent ....................................................................................................................................... 642
D. Home Searches ........................................................................................................................... 643
E. Community Caretaking Function .............................................................................................. 644
F. Independent Source ..................................................................................................................... 644
G. Inevitable Discovery ................................................................................................................... 645
H. Plain View, Plain Smell, Plain Touch ........................................................................................ 645 - Plain View .............................................................................................................................. 645
- Plain Smell ............................................................................................................................. 646
- Plain touch ............................................................................................................................ 646
I. Police Encounters ......................................................................................................................... 646 - Field Inquiry .......................................................................................................................... 646
- Investigative Detention ......................................................................................................... 646
- Arrest .................................................................................................................................... 647
J. Police Action Based On Citizen’s Tips, Informant’s Tips or Anonymous Tips ........................... 647 - Citizen’s Tips ........................................................................................................................ 647
- Informant’s Tips ................................................................................................................... 648
- Anonymous tips ..................................................................................................................... 648
K. Border and airport searches ......................................................................................................... 648
L. Roadblocks .................................................................................................................................. 648
M. Inventory searches ...................................................................................................................... 648
N. Open Fields ................................................................................................................................. 649
O. “Special Needs” searches ............................................................................................................. 649
P. Searches involving regulated industries ....................................................................................... 649
Q. Corrections context ..................................................................................................................... 649