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C. What Constitutes Interrogation? ................................................................................................. 658

D. The Public Safety Exception ....................................................................................................... 659

E. Adequacy of Miranda Warnings .................................................................................................. 659

F. Waiver ........................................................................................................................................... 659

G. Invocations And Their Consequences ......................................................................................... 661

H. Multiple Confessions .................................................................................................................. 662

I. Miranda Violations and Taint ....................................................................................................... 663

J. Suppressed Statements Used for Impeachment Purposes ............................................................ 663

K. Juveniles And Miranda ................................................................................................................ 664

L. Investigative Detentions and Miranda ........................................................................................ 664

M. Miranda and the Death Penalty ................................................................................................. 665

N. Procedural Issues Relating to Confessions .................................................................................. 665

II. THE PRIVILEGE AGAINST SELF-INCRIMINATION ................................................................ 665

A. General Principles ........................................................................................................................ 665

B. The Testimonial Limitation Of The Privilege .............................................................................. 66 6

C. Use Of Post-Arrest Silence ........................................................................................................... 666

D. Self-Incrimination And Trial Witnesses ...................................................................................... 667

E. Self-Incrimination And Defenses ................................................................................................. 667

F. The Griffin Prohibition Against Adverse Inferences ..................................................................... 668

SENTENCING (See also GUILTY PLEAS & PLEA BARGAINING, INTENSIVE SUPERVISION

PROGRAM, MERGER, PRISONERS & PAROLE, PROBATION, RESTITUTION,

SEXUAL OFFENSES, this Digest) ........................................................................................................ 669

I. FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED AT SENTENCING ................................................................. 669

A. Aggravating and Mitigating Factors - N.J.S.A. 2C:44-1a,b ........................................................ 669

1. Generally ............................................................................................................................... 669


2. Double Counting of Factors .................................................................................................. 669


3. Nature and Circumstances of Offense - N.J.S.A. 2C:44-1a(1) ............................................ 670


4. Harm To Victim - N.J.S.A. 2C:44-1a(2) .............................................................................. 670


5. Risk of Another Offense - N.J.S.A. 2C:44-1a(3) .................................................................. 671


6. Involvement in Organized Criminal Activity - N.J.S.A. 2C:44-1a(5) ................................. 671


7. Prior Record - N.J.S.A. 2C:44-1a(6) .................................................................................... 672


8. Need To Deter - N.J.S.A. 2C:44-1a(9) ................................................................................. 672


9. Cost of Doing Business - N.J.S.A. 2C:44-1a(11) ................................................................. 672
   B. Mitigating Factors ........................................................................................................................ 673


10. Conduct Did Not Cause Harm - N.J.S.A. 2C:44-1b(1)(2) ................................................. 673


11. Youth - N.J.S.A. 2C:44-1b ................................................................................................... 673


12. Justification/Excuse - N.J.S.A. 2C:44-1b(4) ......................................................................... 673


13. Provocation - N.J.S.A. 2C:44-1b(3) ..................................................................................... 673


14. Circumstances Unlikely to Recur - N.J.S.A. 2C:44-1b(8) ................................................... 673


15. Response to Probationary Treatment - N.J.S.A. 2C:44-1b(10) ........................................... 673