540 INDEX
networks
access, 336
active-star, 188
all-optical, 336
broadcast, 185, 334
CATV, 185, 381–386
distribution, 185, 334
local-area, 186, 334
local-loop, 336
mesh, 334
metropolitan-area, 185, 334
multihop, 335
passive-star, 188
WDM,seeWDM networks
wide-area, 334
noise
amplifier, 197, 230, 255, 264, 435–
437
beat, 392
clipping, 385
current, 261
electrical amplifier, 157
Gaussian, 527
intensity, 115, 169, 214, 500–502
laser, 114–117
mode-partition, 116, 205–208
1 /f, 117
phase, 216, 498–500
preamplifier, 261
receiver, 155–162, 482
shot, 114, 156, 262, 481
spontaneous-emission, 230, 261, 270
thermal, 157, 166, 262, 481
white, 156, 157, 230
noise figure, 157, 230, 231, 236, 241, 255,
263
nonlinear effects, 59–67, 196, 269, 301, 309,
404–411, 506
cascaded, 304
interchannel, 306, 310
intrachannel, 306, 309, 380
second-order, 304
nonlinear gain, 116, 117
nonlinear length, 270
nonlinear optical-loop mirror, 377, 445
nonlinear refraction, 64
nonlinear Schr ̈odinger equation, 66, 196, 270,
307, 405–411, 450, 529
nonradiative recombination, 83
NRZ format, 13, 152, 194, 195, 282, 371,
376, 411, 418
numerical aperture, 25, 88, 92, 118
Nyquist criterion, 9
Nyquist noise, 157on–off keying,seemodulation format
optical amplifiers,seeamplifiers
optical beat interference, 387
optical bus, 186
optical circulator, 291, 298, 304, 342, 357
optical communication systems,seelight-
wavesystems
optical cross-connect, 354–357
optical data links, 184, 203
optical detector,seephotodetector
optical feedback,seefeedback
optical fibers,seefibers
optical filter,seefilter
optical isolator, 120, 213, 216, 506
optical networks,seenetworks
optical phonons, 243
optical preamplifier,seepreamplifier
optical receiver
APD, 159
components of, 18
design of, 149
front end of, 149
integrated, 153, 510
linear channel of, 150
noise in, 155–162
OEIC, 153
p–i–n, 158
packaging of, 154
performance of, 174–176
role of, 18
sensitivity of, 162–168
WDM, 360
optical switch,seeswitch
optical tap, 185
optical transmitter, 118–126
components of, 17
driving circuitry in, 121
monolithic, 123
OEIC, 123
optical feedback in, 120
packaging of, 124
reliability of, 124
role of, 17
soliton, 416–418