J j4 .4IZZSTOTLE 'S POLITICS.
in the vords 4 ttoinjv rtv' dp+oiv, which has led Bekker io bractet
them, is avoided.
- For the winds compare Bkteorologica ii. 4,^361 a.^4 ff., a pas.
sage in which Aristotle argues that north and south are the cliiei
ninds because wind is produced by evaporation and the evapra.
lion is caused by the movement of [he sun to the north or
Also for the tiyo principal forms of goyernment cp. Plato's Laws iii,
693 C : according to Plato they are democracy and monarch!.
- ~X?)~;UTC~OV 8i Kai Pthriou &s {pis 8ifihopcru, 8uOb^4 pL6.s ou"uqn ~ir
KaXirs UUVCUT~KU~~S r&s (;Ahas &ai ?iapeKfin)ufis, rhs piv rijs €8 Kwpapiyr
bppovlas, T~S 6; 4s dpluqs TohTEl'aS.
Aristotle having compared the different forms of states with the
different sorts of harmonies, now blends the tKo in one sentence.
and corrects the opinion previously expressed by him : ' There are
not two opposite kinds of harmonies and states, but one or at the
most two, Guniv 4 pi& (the two states are royalty and aristocracy).
~vliish are not opposed but of which all the rest are perversions.'
From this transcendental point of view polity or constitulioiial
government itself becomes a perversion; but in c. 8. 6 I it is said
not to be a perversion, though sometimes reckoned in that class.
- Lump b Ahria (pad TWCS.
According to Ilerod. iii. 20, the Ethiopians are the tallest and
most beautiful of mankind : and they elect the tallest and strong">!
of themselves to be their kings.
- dXX' bc; rrhriova $pia KQ; ro3 6rjpu K~I rjs &yapxias ci& K.s.X.
It is argued that neither freedom alone, nor numbers alone ax
a sufficient note of democracy, nor fewness of rulers: nor wealth @f
oligarchy : neither a few freemen, as at Apollonia, nor many rich
men, as at Colophon, constitute a democracy. But there must lx
many poor in a democracy and few rich in an oligarchy. A Slight
obscurity in the passage arises from the illustrations referring ollb
to democracy and not to oligarchy. Cp. iii. cc. 7, 8 ; infra C. 8. $7.
Aristotle would not approve a classification of states such as that
of Sir G. C. Lewis and the school of Austin, who define tk
sovereign power according to the number of persons n-ho exerclEe
