An Introduction to Environmental Chemistry

136 Chapter Four Naphthalene Phenanthrene Benzo[b]fluoranthene Fluorene Anthracene Benzo[k]fluoranthene Dibenzo[a,h]anthracene A ...

dihydroxynaphthalene (Fig. 4.35). Degradation then proceeds as shown for naphthalene (Fig. 4.34). At the Burlington Northern sit ...

While microbial bioremediation is usually the fastest and most widely applied clean-up technique, phytoremediation can prolong o ...

Plate 3.1(a) Flying into Los Angeles in the early morning before an intense photochemical smog has developed. (b) Later in the d ...

Plate 4.1Red bauxite-bearing oxisol (ferralsol) overlying Tertiary limestone (white) in south Jamaica. The soil is piped into so ...

Plate 5.1Excavations for copper at Parys Mountain, Anglesey, UK. The spoil heaps provide a huge surface area for sulphide oxidat ...

Plate 6.2 Global composite image of optical depth (tau units) in the Earth’ s atmosphere for June–August 1989–1991. Optical dept ...

<.05 0.07 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1. 1.5 3. 10. Plate 6.3 A global view of the Earth’s bi ...

disperses and dilutes it. Phytovolatilization has also been applied to land contaminated with mercury (see Section 5.6.1). 4.11 ...

Fitzpatrick, E.A. (1980) Soils: their Formation, Classification and Distribution. Longman, London. Gill, R. (1996) Chemical Fund ...

5 The Chemistry of Continental Waters 5.1 Introduction Continental freshwaters are critical to terrestrial life, being the only ...

5.2 Element chemistry The 20 largest rivers on Earth carry about 40% of the total continental runoff, with the Amazon alone acco ...

Cation log z/r < +0.48 Cation electronegativity < 1.2 Hydrogen Hydrogen Oxygen Cation Cation log z/r > +1.08 Cation ele ...

Still smaller and more highly charged ions react with water to produce relatively large and stable anions (so called oxyanions), ...

eqn. 5.3 eqn. 5.4 eqn. 5.5 At pH 8 the HPO 42 - species predominates. Understanding dissociation behaviour is very important in ...

3 the varying inputs from weathering reactions and organic matter decompo- sition in soil and rocks; 4 differential uptake by bi ...

The ratio of Na+: (Na++Ca^2 +) can therefore be used to discriminate between rainwater and weathering sources in freshwaters. Wh ...

Evaporation also causes CaCO 3 to precipitate from water before NaCl, the latter being a more soluble salt. The formation of CaC ...

water composition in the upper right (see also Table 6.1). The Colarado River in the arid southwest of the USA is an interesting ...

on the border between the USA and Mexico. This very large lake was created in 1905 by floodwaters of the Colorado, forming a clo ...