Substitution tables were widely used in older teaching methods such as
Situational Language Teaching.substrate language n
see substratum language
substratum influence n
the influence of a speaker’s original language on the acquisition of another
language, whether taught formally or acquired informally (as in the case of
pidginlanguages). The influence may be on pronunciation, sentence struc-
tures, vocabulary or various aspects of communicative competence.
For example, it is common in a number of ESL varieties to use the verbs
open and close for turning radios and lights on and off. This can often be
seen as a substratum influence:
subtitlessubstratum interference n
see substratum influence
substratum language n
the original language of those who have acquired another language. The
term was first used for speakers of pidginand creole languages.
For example, the substratum languages of West African Pidgins were the
various local West African languages, e.g. Akan, Ewe, Ga, Hausa, Igbo,
Yoruba. Lately, the term substratum language has been extended to include
the first language of those acquiring a second/foreign language.
see also substratum influence/interference, superstratum language
subtest n
a test that is given as a part of a longer test. For example, a language
proficiency test may contain subtests of grammar, writing, and speaking.
subtitles n
also captioning