where the object of the sentence is shifted to the beginning.
see also functional sentence perspectiveword recognition n
see top-down processing
word stress n
see stress
workbook n
a book that accompanies a textbook and which contains additional supple-
mentary exercises and activities.
working memory n
a more contemporary term for short-term memory. Working memory is
thought of as an active system for both storing and manipulating information
during the execution of cognitive tasks such as comprehension and learning.
In the influential model of Baddeley, working memory consists of two
storage components and a central executive function. The two storage
components are the articulatory loop, which holds traces of acoustic or
speech-based material for a few seconds (longer if the material is rehearsed,
see rehearsal) and the visuospatial sketchpad for the storage of verbal and
visual information. The central executive is a limited capacity, supervisory
attentional system used for such purposes as planning and trouble shooting.
see also memory
workplace language n
the specialized type of language used in work settings. Workplace language
includes, the communication that takes places among workers and between
workers and supervisors, the language used in particular occupations and
organizations, and both verbal and nonverbal communication. The study
of workplace language is an aspect of Target Situation Analysis in the
design of EAP courses.
worksheet n
seehandout
World Englishes n
a term proposed by Kachru to refer to the fact that there are multiple and
varied models of English across cultures and that English is not limited to
countries where it has traditionally been regarded as a mother tongue.
World Englishes thus includes British, American, Australian as well as
World Englishes