Medical Surgical Nursing

Treatment

1. Lumpectomy: removal of the lump and partial breast tissue; indicated for early

detection

2. Mastectomy

• Simple mastectomy: removal of breast


• Modified radical mastectomy: removal of breast, pectoralis minor muscle, and
  some of an adjacent lymph nodes


• Radical mastectomy: removal of the breast, pectoral muscles, pectoral fascia,
  and axillary lymph node dissection

3. Other Surgical procedures

• Oophorectomy, adrenalectomy, hypophysectomy to remove source of estrogen
  and the hormones that stimulate the breast tissue

4. 
   

   Radiation therapy to destroy malignant residual malegnant cells

   
   


5. 
   

   Chemotherapeutic agents to shrink, retard, and destroy cancer growth

   
   


6. 
   

   Corticosteroids, antigens, and anti-estrogens to alter cancer that is dependent on

   
   

hormonal environment

Collaborative Problems/Potential Complications

Based on the assessment data, potential complications may include the following:

Lymphedema

Hematoma/seroma formation

Infection

Preoperative Nursing Diagnosis

Deficient knowledge about the planned surgical treatments

Anxiety related to the diagnosis of cancer

Fear related to specific treatments and body image changes

Risk for ineffective coping (individual or family) related to the diagnosis of breast

cancer and related treatment options

Decisional conflict related to treatment options

Preoperative Nursing Interventions

Providing Education and Preparation About Surgical Treatments