Medical Surgical Nursing

(Tina Sui) #1

Factors associated with degenerative joint changes



  • Mechanical Stress (The articular plate (subchondral bone) thins, and its ability to


absorb shock decreases)



  • Altered Lubrication

  • Immobility


Clinical Manifestations



  • Pain

  • Joint swelling

  • Limited movement

  • Stiffness

  • Weakness

  • Fatigue

  • Warmth,

  • Erythema

  • Joint involvement begins in the small joints of the hands, wrists, and feet. As the


disease progresses, the knees, shoulders, hips, elbows, ankles, and cervical spine joints


are affected.



  • The onset of symptoms is usually acute. Symptoms are usually bilateral and


symmetric. In addition to joint pain and swelling, another classic sign of RA is joint


stiffness, especially in the morning, lasting at least 30 to 45 minutes

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