Bernard, St., Benedictine monk (fl. 12 th cent.), 411 , 432 , 437 , 438
-440; quoted, 432 , 439 -440
Berosus, Chaldean priest (fl. 3rd cent. B.C.), 227
Bertha, daughter of Charlemagne, 393
Bessarion, Johannes or Basilius, patriarch of Constantinople
( 1395?1472), 501
Bethlehem, 341 , 342
Bevan, Edwyn, cited, 40 , 226 , 234 , 256 , 313 ; quoted, 222 , 234
, 238 , 239 , 258 -259
Beyond Good and Evil ( Nietzsche), 762 , 764
Bible, 206 , 512 , 560 , 628 ; and Copernicus, 207 , 527 ; and Erasmus,
514 , 517 ; and Jewish history, 312 , 319 ; and St. Jerome, 335 , 340
-341; quoted, 620. See also names of individual books; Gospels; New
Testament; Old Testament; Pentateuch; Sacred Book; Scriptures;
Septuagint; Vulgate
biblical criticism, 570
big business, 646
biology, 169 , 205 , 719 , 727 , 803 , 820 , 823
birth control, 459 , 723
bishops, 376 , 382 , 408 , 410 , 471 , 485 , 486 , 620 , 621 ; and
investiture struggle, 412 , 415 ; power of, 329 , 398 , 409 ; and papacy,
382 -383, 390 , 394 , 396 -397, 413 , 431 , 481. See also episcopate
Bismarck, Otto Eduard Leopold, Prince von, Prussian statesman
( 18151898), 720 , 721 , 752
Black Death, 468
Black Sea, 60
Blake, William, English artist, poet, and mystic ( 1715-1827), 318 , 678
, 679
Boadicea, Queen of the Britons (d. A.D. 62), 260
Board of Trade ( England), 604
Boccaccio, Giovanni, Italian author ( 1313-1375), 434 , 501
body, 137 , 327 , 406 , 605 , 671 , 755 , 821 ; and St. Au-
gustine, 359 , 362 ; and Bergson, 797 -798; and Cartesians, 561 -562,
565 , 566 ; and Plato, 134 , 137 138; and Plotinus, 292 , 293 , 294 ; and
Socrates, 141 -142