Carcassonne, 448
Carlyle, Thomas, Scottish essayist and historian ( 1795-1881), 288 ,
600 , 642 , 728 , 773 , 779 ; quoted, 751
Carnap, 830
Carneades, Greek Sceptic philosopher ( 180?-110? B.C.), 236 , 237 ,
238 , 276 , 357 *, 570
Carolingian renaissance, 393 , 407
Carolingians, 389 , 395 , 407
Cartesianism, 452 , 563 , 564 *, 567 -568, 582 , 588 , 601 , 664 , 668.
See also Descartes
Carthage, 30 *, 53 , 119 , 184 , 220 , 271 , 281 , 344 , 347 , 350 , 419 ;
and Rome, 236 , 272 Carthusians, 411 , 518
Cassius Longinus, Caius, Roman general and conspirator (?-42 B.C.),
470
categorical imperative, 710 -711
Categories, The ( Aristotle), 199 , 419 , 472
category, -ies, 199 -200, 707 , 708
Cathari, 446 -448. See also Albigenses
Catharine of Aragon, wife of Henry VIII of England ( 1485-1536), 518
Catherine II (the Great), Empress of Russia ( 17291796 ), 775
Catholic attitude toward
Copernicus, 528 -529
Catholic Church, 74 , 282 , 679 , 689 ; claim for supremacy of, 740
-741; and dictatorships, 622. See also Church; Western Church
Catholic faith, in Western Empire, 334 , 370 , 374 Catholic orthodoxy,
73 , 517
Catholic philosophy, 299 487, 605 ; and Aquinas, 452 , 463 ; and St.
Anselm, 417 -418; and Aristotle, 195 , 452 , 453 ; and St. Augustine,
348 , 352 -353, 366 ; and Boethius, 370 , 371 ; and Dominicans and
Franciscans, 451 ; and the Fathers, 308 -387; in 11 th cent., 416 ; and
history, 305 -307; and John the Scot, 403 ; and ontological argument,
417 ; and pseudo-Dionysius, 404 ; and St. Peter Damian, 413 ; and the
Schoolmen, 388 -487; in 12 th cent., 428 441; in 13 th cent. 441 451;
two periods of, 303
Catholic vote, 332
Catholicism, 685 , 811 -812