Jews, Judaism, 325 , 339 , 578 , 631 ; and after-life, 331 ; and St.
Augustine, 358 , 360 -361, 363 ; as bankers and capitalists, 187 , 480 ,
683 ; and Christianity, 281 , 324 , 326 , 328 , 330 , 332 , 448 , 477 ; and
civilization of Western Europe, 279 , 399 ; and God, 144 , 328 ; and
Greeks, 25 ; and Gregory the Great, 383 , 384 ; and Hellenism, 223 , 227
; and miracles, 331 ; and Mohammedans, 283 , 420 ; and Nietzsche, 760
, 764 ; and Old Testament, 340 -341, 361 ; pattern of history
of, 363 -364; persecuted, 323 , 316 -317, 323 , 368 , 420 , 430 , 434 ;
religion of, 227 , 308 -323, 330 ; and sense of sin, 345 -346; in Spain,
420 , 427 -428, 449 ; and Spinoza, 569 ; and State, 363 ; theology of,
326 , 428 ; and usury, 636. See also Hebrew.. .; law; Yahweh
Joachim of Flora or Floris, Italian mystic ( 1145?-1202), 439
Joan of Arc, St. ( 14121431), 90 , 449
Job, 771
Johannes Scotus. See John the Scot
Johannesberg, 226
John, King of England, called John Lackland ( 1267?-1216), 442
John XI, Pope (reigned 931-936), 398
John XII, Pope (reigned 955-964), 398
John XXII, Pope (reigned 1316-1334), 450 , 468 -469, 481
John XXIII (Baldassare Cossa), Pope (reigned 1410-1415), 483
John, St., 326 ; Gospel of, 289 , 438 , 460
John of Brienne, King of Jerusalem ( 1148-1237), 444
John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, son of Edward III of England ( 1340-
1399), 481 , 485
John of Salisbury, Bishop of Chartres (fl. 12th cent.), 437 ; quoted, 440
John the Scot ( Johannes Scotus Erigena), Irishborn philosopher and
theologian ( 815?-877?), 306 , 395 , 400 -407, 417 , 418 , 456 ; quoted,
405
Johnson, Samuel, English lexicographer and man of letters ( 1709-
1784), 678
Jonathan, Jewish high priest (fl. 2nd cent. B.C.), 315 -316
Jonson, Ben, English playwright and poet ( 1573?1637), 547
Joppa, 316
Jordan of Saxony, biographer of St. Dominic (fl. early 13th cent.), 451