enforcing religious freedom in indonesia 121
2008, right when pressure on the government to do something about
Ahmadiyah was mounting. In the statement, the government was asked
to ‘take a firm and consistent stand in dealing with Ahmadiyah in
Indonesia [memiliki sikap yang tegas dan konsisten dalam menyikapi
keberadaan aliran Ahmadiyah di Indonesia]’.⁵³ However, according to
Masdar this statement was in fact a draft version that was never accepted
by a majority of the ulama attending the meeting.⁵⁴ His position was
confirmed by one of the chairmen of the nu’s executive board, Imam
Aziz, who stressed that the nu has never officially labelled Ahmadiyah
a deviant sect. ‘nu would never call another group deviant [sesat], infidel
[kafir] or heretic [bidʿa]. That’s an official decision. nu’s basic attitude
is like that’, Imam said, adding that Ahmadis have a constitutional right
to worship, and that nobody can take that away.⁵⁵ kh. Malik Madani,
secretary general of the Dewan Syuriah, after the Cikeusik incident also
made clear that for the nu the disbandment of Ahmadiyah was not an
option.⁵⁶
According to Imam Aziz, one of the founders of the Yogyakarta-
based ngo LKiS, which is aimed at promoting inclusivist and tolerant
understandings of Islam, the main problem in Indonesia is a lack of
understanding – among the general population but also at government
level – of the issue of minority rights. People have to stay within certain
cultural or religious boundaries, Imam Aziz explained, and if they step
outside those boundaries they are seen as deviant. ‘And that is a problem,
an ontological problem’, he said. ‘Ahmadiyah is seen as an aberration, and
to cure it, they should come back to the mainstream.’ For these reasons,
Imam Aziz said the use of a human rights discourse – as opposed to
dealing with the issue from a religious perspective – would be very useful.
‘No matter how different they are from us, they still have rights.’
The nu’s vantage point in the Ahmadiyah controversy has been the
prevention of violence, Imam explained. He too said that he does not
agree with the Ahmadis’ ideas about prophethood, but added that violent
‘Taushiyah: Sikap pbnu tentang Ahmadiyah’, nu website, 9 May 2008, http://www.nu.or
.id/page/id/dinamic_detil/6/12315/Taushiyah/Sikap_PBNU_tentang_Ahmadiyah
.html (accessed 20 November 2011).
Masdar explained this in the 6 October 2011, interview in Jakarta. The question
remains how the 2005 Bogor statement – including the crucial word ‘deviant’ –
ended up on the nu’s website in 2008, at such a politically expedient moment.
Interview with Imam Aziz, Jakarta, 15 November 2011.
‘pbnu Tolak Pembubaran Ahmadiyah’, kbr68h, 4 March 2011, http://www.kbr68h.com/
berita/nasional/3169-pbnu-tolak-pembubaran-ahmadiyah (accessed 23 Novem-
ber 2011).