The Handy Math Answer Book
nent used in expressing this concentration and reversing its sign. It is most often expressed as the notation pH log 10 [H]. ...
What are calories? To most people, calories are usually associated with a very large piece of chocolate cake. But in that case, ...
compiling an extensive star catalogue, assigning “magnitudes” as a measure of stellar brightness, and calculating the length of ...
Kepler’s first law(or law of elliptic orbits)—Each planet moves about the Sun in an orbit that is an ellipse, with the Sun at on ...
miles (149,597,870 kilometers); it is often seen rounded off to 93,000,000 miles (149,598,770 kilometers) and used in reference ...
What is the Titius-Bode Law? The Titius-Bode Law was developed by German astronomer Johann Daniel Titius (1729–1796); Titius’s i ...
What is the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram? The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram is a “two dimensional” graph of the mathe- matical rela ...
the coin may appear to be smaller, but its size really hasn’t changed. If a person knows how large an object appears to be, and ...
and years. The change in wavelength—or the Doppler shift of the light—is caused by the star orbiting a common center of mass wit ...
MATH IN GEOLOGY What is geology? The word “geology” comes from the Greek geo,meaning “the Earth,” and the ology suffix comes fro ...
is not completely round. From his data Eratosthenes also determined another accurate measurement: the Earth’s diam- eter. He ded ...
The actual divisions of geologic time are not arbitrary, or uniform. The larger divi- sions are based on major events that occur ...
298 The geologic time scale is divided into epochs, ages, and other periods based on important historical events that radically ...
How are the shapes of crystalsclassified? Geometry plays an important part in the study of minerals. This is because certain min ...
grains (sometimes referred to as carat grains). Diamonds and other precious stones are estimated by carats and frac- tions of ca ...
everyone, with some dishes and windows broken, unstable objects overturned, and disturbances of trees, poles, and other tall obj ...
Although the Richter Scale is mentioned most often in the media when a quake occurs, there is a more precise scale in use today ...
What is mean sea level? Mean sea level (MSL) is the average water level (height of the sea) for all stages of a tide. Locally, M ...
which accurately pinpoint global ocean heights quickly and more efficiently. For example, from 1994 to 2004, scientists mathemat ...
to objects’ temperatures and the transfer of heat between objects of differing tempera- tures. Called thermodynamics, it is a st ...
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