39 Nya ̄yabha ̄s.ya285, 4–8 [below 5.1.3].
40 B. K. Matilal, The Character of Logic in India(Albany: State University of New York
Press, 1998), p. 63.
41 For detailed analysis: Pradeep P. Gokhale, Inference and Fallacies Discussed in Ancient
Indian Logic(Delhi: Sri Satguru Publications, 1992).
42 Nya ̄yabha ̄s.ya14, 4–5.
43 On the status of the mleccha: Aloka Parasher, Mlecchas in Early India: A Study in
Attitudes Towards Outsiders up to AD 600 (New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal,
1991).
44 Nya ̄yabha ̄s.ya96, 16–97, 7 (below 2.1.68).
45 Elizabeth Fricker, “Against Gullibility,” in B. K. Matilal and A. Chakrabarti, eds.,
Knowing from Words(Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1994), pp. 125–61.
46 For a fuller development of this defense: Jonardon Ganeri, Semantic Powers: Meaning
and the Means of Knowing in Classical Indian Philosophy(Oxford: Clarendon Press,
1999), chs. 1 and 2.
47 Nya ̄yabha ̄s.ya87, 11–12 (below 2.1.52).
446 jonardon ganeri