Microsoft Word - WaterChemistry

21 NPDWR - National Primary Drinking Water Regulation NTNCWS - Nontransient noncommunity water system NTP - Normal Temperature a ...

22 What is Water? Water is the chemical substance with chemical formula H 2 O: one molecule of water has two hydrogen atoms cova ...

23 Introduction to Basic Chemistry.............. All these principles are good for both water and wastewater. Chemistry is a bra ...

24 Definition In retrospect, the definition of chemistry has changed over time, as new discoveries and theories add to the funct ...

25 chemistry is a distinct discipline from chemical physics, but again, there is very strong overlap.  Theoretical chemistry is ...

26 Basic Chemical Structure........................ At the turn of the twentieth century the theoretical underpinnings of chemis ...

27 Commonly found Chemical Types Many chemicals are commonly available in pure form. Others are available as reagents - inexpens ...

28  Many minerals, however, mutually dissolve into solid solutions, such that a single rock is a uniform substance despite bein ...

29 Principles of Modern Chemistry The current model of atomic structure is the quantum mechanical model. Traditional chemistry s ...

30 Energy and entropy considerations are invariably important in almost all chemical studies. Chemical substances are classified ...

31 Understanding the Atom The atom is the basic unit of chemistry. It consists of a dense core called the atomic nucleus surroun ...

32 Water (H 2 O), an example of a chemical compound Chemical Compounds A pure chemical compound is a chemical substance that is ...

33 Common Water Treatment Chemicals Chemical Name Common Name Chemical Formula Aluminum hydroxide Al(OH)3 Aluminum sulfate Alum, ...

34 Chemical Name Common Name Chemical Formula Sodium carbonate Soda ash Na2CO3 Sodium chloride Salt NaCl Sodium chlorite NaClO2 ...

35 Number Element Valence 1 Hydrogen (-1), +1 2 Helium 0 3 Lithium +1 4 Beryllium +2 5 Boron -3, +3 6 Carbon (+2), +4 7 Nitrogen ...

36 48 Cadmium (+1), +2 49 Indium (+1), (+2), +3 50 Tin +2, +4 51 Antimony -3, +3, (+4), +5 52 Tellurium -2, (+2), +4, +6 53 Iodi ...

37 Common Used Products Chemical Name acetone dimethyl ketone acid of sugar oxalic acid alcohol, grain ethyl alcohol alcohol, wo ...

38 hydrocyanic acid hydrogen cyanide hypo (photography) sodium thiosulfate solution lime calcium oxide limewater aqueous solutio ...

39 Substances versus Mixtures All matter consists of various elements and chemical compounds, but these are often intimately mix ...

40 The production of a chemical includes not only its synthesis but also its purification to eliminate by- products and impuriti ...