4–38 Asthmatic patients may experience wheezing caused by bronch/ial
spasms. The medical term for this condition is bronchi/o/spasm or
/ /.
4–39 Chronic dilation of bronchi is called bronchi/ectasis. Chronic pneumon/ia
or flu may result in dilation of bronchi. The medical term for this condition is
/.
4–40 Use bronch/oto build medical words that mean
inflammation of bronchi: /
involuntary contraction or twitching of the bronchus:
/ /
narrowing or stricture of bronchi:
/ /
4–41 Structurally, each primary bronchus is similar to that of the trachea, but as
they subdivide into finer branches, the amount of cartilage in the walls decreases and
finally disappears as it forms bronchi/oles. As cartilage diminishes, a layer of smooth
muscle surrounding the tube becomes more prominent. Smooth muscles in the
walls of bronchi/oles are designed to constrict or dilate the airways to maintain
unobstructed air passages. Bronchi/oles eventually distribute air to the (9) alveoli
(singular, alveolus), small clusters of grapelike air sacs of the lungs. Each alveolus is
surrounded by a network of microscopic (10) pulmonary capillaries.Label the alve-
oli and pulmonary capillaries in Figure 4–2.
4–42 The thin walls of the alveoli permit an exchange of gases between the alveo-
lus and the surrounding capillaries. Blood flowing through the capillaries accepts
oxygen (O 2 ) from the alveolus, while depositing carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) into the
alveolus. Erythr/o/cytes in the blood carry O 2 to all parts of the body and CO 2 to
the lungs for exhalation.
The medical term for red blood cells is
/ /.
The abbreviation O 2 means.
The abbreviation CO 2 means.
4–43 Macro/scopic structures are visible to the naked eye. Micro/scopic struc-
tures, such as the alveoli, are visible only through the use of a micro/scope.
Micro/scopic capillaries are visible to the eye through the use of a magnifying
instrument called a /.
120 CHAPTER 4• Respiratory System
Boldfaceindicates a word root or combining form. Blueindicates a suffix. Pinkindicates a prefix.
bronch/o/spasm
BRŎNG-kō-spăzm
bronchi/ectasis
brŏng-kē-ĔK-tă-sĭs
erythr/o/cytes
ĕ-RĬTH-rō-sītz
oxygen
carbon dioxide
micro/scope
MĪ-krō-skōp
bronch/itis
brŏng-KĪ-tĭs
bronch/o/spasm
BRŎNG-kō-spăzm
bronch/o/stenosis
brŏng-kō-stĕn-Ō-sĭs