486 INDEX
cytochrome c oxidase and, see
cytochrome c oxidase
electron tunneling, 26, 427
Frank-Condon principle, 25
inert and labile ions, 23
inner-sphere mechanism, 23, 23f
metalloenzymes and, 24, 26
outer-sphere mechanism, 23, 25
self-exchange reaction, 25f
Electron tunneling, 26, 427
Electronic spectroscopy, 437
charge transfer transitions, 81, 450,
459
d-d transitions, 15, 78t, 450, 452
Electrophiles, 366–357, 366f
Electrophoresis, 4 0 – 42 , 59, 62 , 143, 14 8,
290, 298
Elements:
bulk, 1–2, 2t
composition of the human body, 2t
essential, 1–3, 4t, 5t, 6t
overview of biochemical roles, 4t, 5t,
6t
trace, 1–2
ultratrace, 2
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER), 95–96,
194, 212, 327–328
ENDOR, see Electron-nuclear double
resonance spectroscopy
Energy storage, see adenosine
triphosphate (ATP)
Enzyme kinetics:
competitive inhibitors, 46–47
initial rate, 45
Lineweaver-Burk plot, 45– 47, 46f
Michaelis-Menten equation, 45
noncompetitive inhibition, 46–47
rate laws, 45
EPR, see Electron paramagnetic
resonance spectroscopy
Equilibrium constants, 8, 12–13, 25,
27
passive diffusion and, 195–196, 196f,
198
ESEEM, see Electron-spin echo
envelope modulation
Essential elements, 1–3, 4t, 5t, 6t
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
(EDTA), 244, 248, 289, 415–416
Eukaryotic, 53–54, 58–59, 66
Ca2+-ATPases and, 327
calmodulin and, 97, 302
cytochromes and, 82, 117, 129, 360,
388, 390, 408–429, 455
potassium ion channels and, 209, 212,
228–229
ribozymes and, 239, 262
Europium (Eu), 103, 154
Evolution, biological, 61, 249, 337, 410
Ewald sphere, 85, 88–89, 85f, 89f
Extended X-ray absorption fi ne
structure (EXAFS); 76, 78–83
characteristics of, 78–81
cytochrome c and, 82–83
cytochrome c oxidase and, 131
cytochrome c oxidase models and,
439, 440, 440f–442f, 453–454
cytochrome P450 and, 82, 173
cytochrome P450 models and,
376–377, 381
descriptive examples, 81–83
methane monooxygenase and,
459–460
model compounds and, 352–353
nitrogenase and, 139Facilitated diffusion, 197–199
gated channels, see also voltage-gated
channels, 197
FAD see fl avin adenine dinucleotide
Fe-Fe bonds, 20f, 22
Fe(TPP)(1-MeIm), 82, 135, 354, 356f
Fe(TPP)(1,2-Me 2 Im), 365f
Fe 2 S 2 centers, see iron-sulfur clusters,
Rieske iron sulfur protein (ISP)
Fe 3 S 4 centers, see iron-sulfur clusters
Fe 4 S 4 centers, see iron-sulfur clusters
Ferredoxins, 21, 24, 455
Ferritin, 45, 458–459
Ferryl-oxo intermediates, see
hemoglobin, myoglobin,
cytochrome c, cytochrome c
oxidase, cytochrome P450
First-order kinetics, see kinetics
Flash photolysis, 144–145
Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), 460
Flavin mononucleotide (FMN), 24
Fletcher-Reeves method, 165