BIOINORGANIC CHEMISTRY A Short Course Second Edition

INDEX 499

Thiolates, 4t, 5t, 6t, 82, 173
cytochrome c oxidase and, 445,
453–454
cytochrome P450 and, 368, 370,
373–374, 380–382
Thymine (T), 47, 49t, 50f, 54, 61, 141
Tin (Sn), 2, 7t
To p o i s o m er a s e , 5 4
Total correlation spectroscopy
(TOCSY), 112–116, 118
Toxicity, elements, 2, 3f, 189, 190 –191t,
361
Trace metals, essential, 1–2
Transcription, 53–57, 54f, 59, 141, 238
zinc fi nger proteins and, 64–72
Transferases, 22, 24, 45, 455
Transfer RNA (tRNA), 54–56, 239, 241,
263
Transition metals, 3, 4, 11, 13–18, 19, 23,
138, 141
biological functions, 3–6, 4t, 5t, 6t
coordination geometr y, 14 –16, 14f,
15f, 18t
electron paramagnetic resonance
(EPR), 125, 129
high spin, low spin d electron
confi guration, 17–18, 17f, 18f
Jahn-Teller effects, 10 –11, 18, 126,
163, 178
ligand fi eld stabilization energy,
LFSE, 11, 15, 18
molecular modeling, molecular
mechanics and, 161–162, 164, 174,
176, 178 –179
number of d electrons, 14
spectrochemical series, 16
Translation, 53–57, 54f, 77, 141, 148, 153,
390
Transmission electron microscopes,
142
Transverse relaxation time, T 2 , see
nuclear magnetic resonance,
relaxation time
Trifl uoperazine, 308–313, 310f, 312f
Troponin, 3, 44, 194, 301–302, 306, 338
Tryptophan (trp, W), 30, 31f, 40, 209,
211, 222, 358, 424, 427
calmodulin and, 314, 314–215t, 316–
321, 324–325

cytochrome bc 1 and, 397, 398f, 399,

400t, 402–405

cytochrome c and, 408, 410 –417,

420–422

potassium ion channels and, 222–223

Trypsin, 40, 42, 151, 195, 301

T- state, see Hemoglobin

Two-dimensional correlation

spectroscopy (COSY), 112–116,

113f, 118

Tyrosine (tyr, Y), 32f, 33f, 38, 40, 56,

203, 358, 427, 459

cytochrome b(6)f and, 386, 387t

cytochrome bc 1 and, 397, 399, 400t,

402–405

cytochrome c and, 408–409, 409f, 410,

412f

cytochrome c oxidase and, 425, 429–

431, 433f, 434, 434f, 435, 436f,

437–440, 440f, 442f, 445

cytochrome P450 and, 364f, 366, 370,

370f

potassium ion channels and, 209, 211,

217f

zinc fi ngers and, 64, 64f, 67

Ubiquinone, 170, 386, 388–392, 388f,

395, 397–399, 398f, 400t, 401t,

403–405

U.S. Department of Energy, Human

Genome Program, 61

Uptake factor, 8–9

Uracil (U), 47, 49t, 246, 275

UV-visible spectroscopy, 79,142, 144,

176

cytochrome bc 1 and, 395–397, 398f,

399, 400t, 402–405

cytochrome c and, 411, 417, 421

cytochrome c oxidase and, 434, 437,

445

cytochrome P450 and, 373, 376

Valence electrons, in metal clusters, 21

Valine (Val, V), 30, 31f, 38, 40, 211, 230,

319, 346, 350, 351, 374, 420

Ca2+-ATPase and, 332, 332f, 332t, 335

calmodulin and, 304, 308, 310, 316,

319, 320, 325

Na+/K+-ATPase and, 201