Muhammad: Meccan Opposition[89] Cf. particularly v. 167, where Lot is threatened with being driven out
of the land because of his preaching. Lot, however, was supposed to leave
Sodom and Gomorrah and was driven out by angels; cf. Gen. 19:1f. One of
the apparent Meccan designs on Muhammad was to scare him from the
land; cf. Qur'an 17:78.
[90] Moses was raised in Pharaoh's family (cf. v. 17), and Shu`ayb is later
described as being the brother of the Midianites (Qur'an 11:85).
[91] See p. 47, above.
[92] Later "the faithful spirit" is identified as having been Gabriel; cf.
Qur'an 2:91f and Rudolph, Koran, pp. 43f, n. 43.
[93] The learned of the Jews are said to have recognized Muhammad's
mission in this passage. Cf. Nöldeke and Schwally, GQ, vol. 1, p. 126.
[94] Guillaume, New Light, p. 43. The usage of foreign vocabulary from
Hebrew in all three phases of Meccan suras also indicates that Jews were
present in Mecca; Speyer, in SEI, p. 638. See Wellhausen, Medina, p. 349.
[95] Guillaume, Muhammad, p. 117; Tabari, History, vol. 6, p. 88; Ibn
Sa`d, Classes, vol. 1, 1, p. 231.
[96] Nöldeke and Schwally, GQ, vol. 1, p. 117.
[97] Cf. Nöldeke and Schwally, GQ, vol. 1, p. 127.
[98] Bell considered Qur'an 15 to have been a Meccan sura which had
been revised or added to in Medina; Welch, in EI², s.v. "Kur'an," p. 418. Cf.
n. 74, above.
[99] See n. 4, above.
[100] Qur'an 17:61 is generally similar, in reference to which the Christian
apologist al-Kindi comments; see ECMD, p. 439.
[101] Geiger, WMJA, p. 66, gives Sotah 10 and Sohar 2 as references.
[102] Cf. Qur'an 51:36 - "a house of Muslims."