Muhammad, the Qur'an and Islam
[8] Guillaume, Muhammad, pp. 426 f; Ibn Sa`d, Classes, vol. 2, 1,
pp. 66 f; Tabari, History, vol. 7, 143 f; Wellhausen, Medina, pp. 156 f. In
the last of these references, Waqidi also gives a tradition whereby the
Muslims were originally sent out to spy on the Quraysh on the road to Najd,
but were ambushed; cf. Sahih Bukhari, vol. 5, pp. 283 f.
[9] Owing to the various reasons given for this seige in Islamic traditions,
some Western scholars believe that this accusation was simply invented in
order to justify driving this tribe out of Medina; Buhl, Muhammeds, p. 265,
n. 12.
[10] Sunan Abu Dawud, vol. 2, p. 743. Cf. Wellhausen, Medina, p. 165.
For more information on the expulsion of the Banu Nadir, see Guillaume,
Muhammad, pp. 437 f; Ibn Sa`d, Classes, vol. 2, 1, pp. 68 f; Tabari,
History, vol. 7, pp. 156 f; Wellhausen, Medina, pp. 160 f.
[11] Buhl, Muhammeds, pp. 267 f: The wine of the Qurayza was spilled
out in the year 5 AH. Buhl thinks that this prohibition may have been based
at least partially on the practices of other ascetic Arabs.
[12] Cf. Wellhausen, Medina, pp. 166 f; Sahih Bukhari, vol. 6, pp. 377 f;
Nöldeke and Schwally, GQ, vol. 1, p. 206.
[13] Cf. Sahih Bukhari, vol. 6, p. 378.
[14] Cf. Ibid., vol. 6, p. 379.
[15] Speyer, Erzählungen, p. 460.
[16] Tabari, History, vol. 7, p. 150.
[17] Ibid., vol. 7, p. 167.
[18] At Uhud Abu Sufyan is said to have challenged the Muslims to a
battle at Badr a month later. Western scholars, however, think this to be
inaccurate, since Dhu’l-Qa`da (the 45th month) was one of the months in
which fighting was forbidden by the pagan Arabs. It is thought that