The Economist December 4th 2021 61
Business
Asiantechfirms
Hot tropics
A
big change is under way in Asia’s
technology industry. As investors avert
their eyes from the governmentimposed
nightmare engulfing China’s internet
champions, a cohort of SouthEast Asian
counterparts is booming. Tot up the value
ascribed by the market to just three listed
and soontobe listed consumerapp
giants with headquarters in Singapore and
Jakarta, and the figure approaches a quar
ter of a trillion dollars. Add to that the
$70bnorso combined worth of a whole
field of new unicorns—privatelyheld
startups worth $1bn or more—and South
East Asia is fulfilling hopes, longheld, that
a big emergingmarket consumertech sec
tor would rise outside China.
On December 2nd, as The Economist
went to press, Singaporebased Grab, a
consumertechnology firm, was due to list
on America’s Nasdaq through a merger
with a special purpose acquisition compa
ny (spac). The recordbreaking spactran
saction is expected to value Grab at $40bn.
Another giant, GoTo Group, formed from
the merger of Indonesia’s Gojek, a ride
hailing firm, with Tokopedia, an ecom
merce company, will follow in the first half
of 2022. Sea, largest of the three behe
moths, and parent to regional ecommerce
pioneer Shopee, was the earliest to list, in
2017. Its market value has risen sevenfold
since the end of 2019, to $145bn, making it
the largest listed firm in SouthEast Asia.
The three companies are each some
combination drawn from ridehailing and
food delivery, financial services and mo
bile gaming. The precise blend varies from
firm to firm, but the same idea runs
through the core of each. It is to bring hun
dreds of millions of consumers together
into a network of services. These may be
lowmargin, but the transaction volumes
in question are vast. The model is often re
ferred to as a superapp or appcluster
strategy. The firms are already giants at
home. With a fleet of over 2m drivers, GoTo
had transactions of $22bn last year, equiv
alent to 2% of Indonesia’s gdp.
The prospects for SouthEast Asian
consumer tech have been alternately
hyped up and talked down over the past de
cade. Optimists, now in the ascendant,
point to a market of 650m people poised
for rapid economic growth. Mark Good
ridge, an equity analyst at Morgan Stanley,
a bank, notes that online retail made up 6%
of retail sales in the countries of the Asso
ciation of Southeast Asian Nations (asean)
in 2019, compared with around 15% in
America and about 30% in China.
But sceptics note the region’s fragmen
tation. SouthEast Asia’s markets are any
thing but a contiguous economic bloc.
Countries have widely differing income
levels and infrastructure capacity. That no
doubt contributes to the huge losses that
are being racked up. None of the big com
panies is reliably profitable. In the third
quarter of the year, Sea’s losses widened to
$571m, a yearonyear increase of a third.
The two largest companies, Grab and Sea,
have made a combined $17bn of net losses
since the beginning of 2018.
The sea of red ink does not alarm inves
tors. They wanted consolidation to make
the market more investable, and, by and
large, have got it. Mergers and acquisition
activity in tech in SouthEast Asia explod
ed this year. By late November deal volume
had already reached $61bn, equivalent to
all activity for the past decade. Those tran
sactions helped create the superapp strat
egy embraced by consumers. “What cus
tomers want is deeper, faster digital sol
H ONG KONG
A new generation of Asian technology giants comes of age
→Alsointhissection
62 JackDorseyleavesTwitter
63 Bartleby:Theoffsiteoffice
64 Chinesecancelculture
64 Festiveoldies
69 A newwaytovaluepatents
70 Schumpeter: A shakeup at J&J