H 3 C C
O
O
H
O C
O
O
+ H CH 2 CH 3 H 3 C
CH 2 CH 3
+ H 2 O
Acetic acid Ethyl alcohol Ethyl acetate
2.12 NITRILES
- The carbon and the nitrogen of a nitrile are sp hybridized.
- In IUPAC systematic nonmenclature, acyclic nitriles are named by adding the
suffix nitrile to the name of the corresponding hydrocarbon.
H 3 C CN
Ethanenitrile
(acetonitrile)
2 1
H 3 CH 2 CH 2 C CN
Butanenitrile
(butyronitrile)
4 3 2 1
CH CN
Propenenitrile
(acrylonitrile)
H^321
2 C H 2 CHCH 2 CH 2 C CN
4-Pentenenitrile
5 4 3 2 1
2) Cyclic nitriles are named by adding the suffix carbonitrile to the name of the
ring system to which the –CN group is attached.
CN
Benzenecarbonitrile (benzonitrile)
CN
Cyclohexanecarbonitrile
