Advices For Studying Organic Chemistry

1) Total Ionic Reaction

H O+ + −O O

H

H Cl − + Na+ H H +

H

(^2) Na+ + Cl−
Spectator inos
2) Net Reaction
O+ +H−O O
H
H^2
H
H H
3) The Net Reaction of solutions of all aqueous strong acids and bases are mixed:
H 3 O++ OH− 2H 2 O

3.2B THE LEWIS DEFINITION OF ACIDS AND BASES

1. Lewis acid-base theory: in 1923 proposed by G. N. Lewis (1875~1946; Ph. D.
   Harvard, 1899; professor, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1905-1912;
   professor, University of California, Berkeley, 1912-1946).

1. Acid: electron-pair acceptor


2. Base: electron-pair donor

H+ + NH 3 H NH+ 3

Lewis acid

(electron-pair acceptor)

Lewis base

(electron-pair donor)

curved arrow shows the donation of the electron-pair of ammonia

Cl Al + NH 3 Al

Cl

Cl Cl

Cl

Cl − NH+ 3

Lewis acid

(electron-pair acceptor)

Lewis base

(electron-pair donor)