Arabic: An Essential Grammar

َلا

1

ُفِرْعَن

2

اًدَحَأ

3

يِف ُلَمْعَي

4

ِةَكِرَش

5

. ِطْف َّ نل

(9) la ̄ na



rifu

ah

̇

adan ya



malu fı

• sˇarikati n-naft
  ̇

i.

We don’t

1

know

2

anyone (who)

3

works for

5

the oil

4

company.

1

ِبَبَسِب

2

َلا ِة جَّ َّ ضل

3

ُعَمْسَن

4

اَذاَم

5

ُحَرْشَي

6

. ُريِبَخـْل

(10) bi-sababi d

̇

-d

̇

ag ̆g ̆ati la ̄ nasma



u ma ̄d

̄

a ̄ yasˇrah

̇

u l-h

̆

abı

• ru.
  1
  Because of
  2
  the noise we can’t
  3
  hear
  4
  what
  6
  the expert
  5
  is explaining.

َلا

1

ُماَمِْلإ ُحَمْسَي

2

ِلوُخُدِب

3

ِءاَس َّ نل

4

ِعِماَجْلـِل

5

ِنوُدِب

6

. ٍباَجِح

(11) la ̄ yasmah

̇

u l-

ima ̄mu bi-duh

̆

u ̄li n-nisa ̄

i li-l-g ̆a ̄mi



i bi-du ̄ni h

̇

ig ̆a ̄bin.

The ima ̄m does not

1

allow

3

women

2

to enter (lit.

2

the entering of

women into)

4

the mosque

5

without

6

a veil.

1

ُعَرْزَي

2

َنوُعِراَزُمـْل

3

ْمُهَضْرَأ

4

اًحْمَق

5

(^) َّمُث
6
ُهَنوُدُصْحَي
7
ُهَنوُنَحْطَيَو
8
َنوُنِجْعَيَو
9
(^) َّ مُث َنيِح َّ طل
01
ُهُلُكْأَنَو ُهَنوُزِبْخَي
11

. اًزْبُخ

(12) yazra



u l-muza ̄ri



u ̄na

ard

̇

a-hum qamh

̇

an t

̄

umma yah

̇

s

̇

udu ̄na-hu wa-

yat

̇

h

̇

anu ̄na-hu wa-ya



g ̆inu ̄na t

̇

-t

̇

ah

̇

ı-na t

̄

umma yah

̆

bizu ̄na-hu wa-na

kulu-hu

h

̆

ubzan.

2

The farmers

1

sow

3

their fields (lit. land) with

4

(the) wheat,

5

then they

6

harvest

7

and grind it and they

8

knead

9

the dough (lit. flour), then they

10

bake it and we eat it as

11

bread.

1

(^) َّ لُك ُةَريِغ َّ صل ُتْنِبْل ُحَبْسَت
2
يِف ٍمْوَي
3
ِةَكْرِبْل
4
ىَلَع اَه ُّ مُأ ُسِلْجَتَو
5
ّيِسْرُك
ٍ
6
َتْحَت
7
/ ِةَّ لَظِمـْل
7
ِةَّ يِسْم َّ شل
8

. اَهْيَلِإ ُرُظْنَتَو

(13) tasbah

̇

u l-bintu s

̇

-s

̇

ag ̇ı

• ratu kulla yawmin fı
  
  
  • l-birkati wa-tag ̆lisu
  
  
  
  

ummu-ha ̄



ala ̄ kursiyyin tah

̇

ta l-mid

̄ ̇

allati / sˇ-sˇamsiyyati wa-tand

̄ ̇

uru

ilay-ha ̄.

The small girl

1

swims every

2

day in

3

the pool, and her mother

4

sits on

5

a

chair

6

under

7

the umbrella

8

and watches her.

1

ُبَهْذَي

2

َنا َّ مَع ىَلِإ اًدَغ

3

(^) ٌّ يِناَنْبُل ٌدْفَو
4
(^) ٌّ يِراَجِت
5
ُثُكْمَيَو
6
يِف اًعوُبْسُأ
ِةيََّّ ُنُدْرْ لأ ِةَمِصاَعْل
7
ُثَحْبَيَو
8
َةَلَأْسَم
9
ِداَريِتْسِْلا
01

. ِنْيَدَلَبْل َنْيَب ِريِدْص َّ تلَو

(14) yad

̄

habu g ̇adan

ila ̄



amma ̄na wafdun lubna ̄niyyun tig ̆a ̄riyyun wa-yamkut

̄

u




usbu ̄



an fı

• l-



a ̄s

̇

imati l-

urdunniyyati, wa-yabh

̇

at

̄

u mas

alata l-istı

• ra ̄di

wa-t-tas

̇

dı

• ri bayna l-baladayni.

112

Imperfect

tense in the

indicative,

word order