Arabic: An Essential Grammar

201

Chapter 27

Relative pronouns and

relative clauses

27.1 Relative pronoun

The basic form (masc. sing.) of the relative pronoun َأ ِْلا ْس ُم ْلـ َم ْو ُصو ُل

is لـ ِذيََّأ

allad

̄

ı ̄ ‘(the one) who, which, that’. It is declined as follows:

Note a: For historical reasons, the masculine and feminine singular and mascu-

line plural forms are written with one la ̄m لـ... and the other forms with two.

There is no difference in pronunciation.

Note b: The plural forms are used only for human beings.

masculine

singular dual plural

Nom. لـ ِذيَّلـ َذا ِن َأَّلـ ِذي َن َألـََّأ




allad

̄

ı-

allad

̄

a ̄ni

allad

̄

ı-na

Acc. and gen. لـ ِذيَّلـ َذ ْي ِن َأَّلـ ِذي َن َألـََّأ




allad

̄

ı-

allad

̄

ayni

allad

̄

ı-na

feminine

Nom. لـ ِتيَّلـ َتـا ِن َأَّلـ َوا ِتي َألـََّألـ orلا ِتيَّ َأل




allatı

• 
  
  allata ̄ni

allawa ̄tı

• 
  
  alla ̄tı
  
  
  • (less used)
  
  
  
  

Acc. and gen. لـ ِتيَّلـ َت ْي ِن َأَّل َوا ِتي َألـََّألـ or لا ِتيَّ َأل




allatı

• 
  
  allatayni

allawa ̄tı

• 
  
  alla ̄tı
  
  
  • (less used)