Arabic: An Essential Grammar

27.5 Also a passive participle placed after a noun may have the mean-

ing of a relative clause, e.g.

ُج ْمَل ٌة َم ْك ُتو َب ٌة g ̆umlatun maktu ̄batun

a written sentence OR a sentence which is written

َأْلـ ُج ْمَل ُة ْلـ َم ْك ُتو َب ُة^

al-g ̆umlatu l-maktu ̄batu

the written sentence OR the sentence which is written

َأْلـ َم َقا ُل ْلـ َم ْن ُشو ُر^

al-maqa ̄lu l-mansˇu ̄ru

the published article OR the article which is published

27.6

Al-



a ̄

id (^) َأْل َعا ِئ ُد, ‘the returner’ (anaphoric suffix pronoun)
If the antecedent is referred to in the relative clause as an object, or as
having a preposition, or as being a genitive attribute, it is resumed by a
coreferential suffix pronoun attached to the verb, preposition, or noun,
With the perfect verb With the active participle
ر َساَل َةَل ِ تي َك َت َب ِت ل ََّّأ ر َساَل ِةََكا ِت َب ُة ل ّ


allatı

• katabati r-risa ̄lata ka ̄tibatu r-risa ̄lati

the one who (f.) wrote the letter the writer (f.) of the letter OR

the one (who) wrote the letter

ل َقَّل ِ ذي َطََّأ ل ُقَّأْلـ ُم َطَ




allad

̄

ı

• t
  ̇

allaqa

al-mut

̇

alliqu

the one who (m.) divorced the divorced one (m.) OR

the one (who) got divorced

With the imperfect verb With the active participle

ل ِ ذي َي ْس ُك ُن ُه َنا َكَّر ُج ُل ََّأل سا ِك ُن ُه َنا َكَّ ر ُج ُل لََّأل




ar-rag ̆ulu llad

̄

ı

• yaskunu huna ̄ka

ar-rag ̆ulu s-sa ̄kinu huna ̄ka

the man who lives there the man (who is) living there

ط ِبي َبَّ ل ِ ذي َي ْن َت ِظ ُر لََّأ ط ِبي َبَّ َأْلـ ُم ْن َت ِظ ُر ل




allad

̄

ı

• yant
  ̇

ad

̄ ̇

iru t

̇

-t

̇

abı

• ba

al-muntad

̇ ̄

iru t

̇

-t

̇

abı

• ba

the one who is waiting the one (who is) waiting

for the physician for the physician

203

Relative

pronouns

and relative

clauses