(b) When َما ma ̄ ‘what?’ or ماَِّم mimma ̄ ‘of what?, of which?’ (which
is a combination of ِم ْن + (^) َما ) are used as relative pronouns, the
addition of
al-
a ̄
id ‘the returner’ is optional, e.g.
Exercises
Practise your reading:
1
ُتـْنـَكـَس
2
ًةَريِزَج
3
اَهـَل
4
( ٌديِلْقَت ).s ُديِلاَقَت
5
ِديِلاَقَت ْنَع ٌةَفِلَتْخُم
6
. يِدَلاِب
(1)
1
I lived on an
2
island (which)
3
had
5
different
4
traditions from thetraditions of
6
my country.1
يِتَّل ( ٌمْسِإ ).s ُءاَمْسْ َلأَأ2
َنيِذ َّ ل ِب َّ لاُطل ُءاَمْسَأ َيِه اَهُتْرَكَذ3
يِف اوُحَجَن4. ِناَحِتْمِْلا
(2)
1
The names which
2
I mentioned are the names of the students who
3
passed
4
the exam.1
ٍمْوَي يِف ُتْدَهاَش2
ٍدِحاَو3
ْنَم4
ْنَمَو ُهَرْكَأ5
ُ.ّبِحُأ(3)
1
I saw in
2
one day one
3
whom
4
I hate and one whom
5
I like.ي َةَّل ُم ْل َع َر ِبََّو َج ْد ُت َم ْن َي َت َك ه َذا َما َأ َكْل ُت َأ ْم ِس
اwag ̆adtu man yatakallamu l-
arabiyyata. ha ̄d
̄a ̄ ma ̄
akaltu
amsi.I found one who speaks Arabic. This is what I ate yesterday.With
al-
a ̄
id Without
al-
a ̄
idه َذا َما َس ِم ْع َنا ُه OR ه َذا َما َس ِم ْع َنا
اha ̄d
̄a ̄ ma ̄ sami
na ̄-hu.ha ̄d
̄a ̄ ma ̄ sami
na ̄.This is what we have heard.َلا َأ ْع ُب ُد َما َت ْع ُب ُدو َن ُه OR َلا َأ ْع ُب ُد َما َت ْع ُب ُدو َن
la ̄
a
budu ma ̄ ta
budu ̄na-hu.la ̄
a
budu ma ̄ ta
budu ̄na.I do not worship what you worship. (The Quran)ما َك َت ْب ُت ُهَّه َذا ِم
ا
OR ما َك َت ْب ُتَّه َذا ِماha ̄d
̄a ̄ mimma ̄ katabtu-hu.ha ̄d
̄a ̄ mimma ̄ katabtu.This is (part) of what I have written.205Relative
pronouns
and relative
clauses