Arabic: An Essential Grammar

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39.10 Concessive particles

The combined particles and expressions below correspond to the


English concessive conjunctions and prepositions: ‘although, even if, in


spite of, despite’.


تى َوَل ْوََّح h
̇

atta ̄ wa-law, even if, even supposing that

نَّ َم َع َأ ma



a


anna, even though, although

َوَل ْو wa-law, whatever, even if, even though


َر ْغ َم rag ̇ma, (prep.) in spite of


ر ْغ ِم ِم ْنَِّبˆل bi-r-rag ̇mi min..., (prep.) in spite of, despite


نَّ َر ْغ َم َأ rag ̇ma



anna, although, even though

َو ِإ ْن wa-



in, even though

Examples:


تى َوَل ْو َد َر َس َس ْو َف َي ْس ُق ُطََّح


h
̇

atta ̄ wa-law darasa sawfa yasqut
̇

u.

Even if he were to study, he’ll fail.

ِفي  ِْلا ْم ِت َحا ِني ًداv س َق َط َّن ُه َد َر َس َجََّم َع َأ


ma


a


anna-hu darasa g ̆ayyidan, saqat
̇

a fı


  • l-imtih
    ̇


a ̄ni.

Although he studied well, he failed in the exam.

َر ْغ َم ْلـ َم َط ِرَس َأ ْذ َه ُب


sa-


ad
̄

habu rag ̇ma l-mat
̇

ari.

I will go in spite of the rain.

ر ْغ ِم ِم ْن َم َر ِض ِهََّذ َه َب إَ لى َع َمِل ِه َر ْغ َم َم َر ِض ِ ه / ِبˆل


d
̄

ahaba


ila ̄


amali-hi rag ̇ma marad
̇

i-hi / bi-r-rag ̇mi min marad
̇

i-hi.

He went to his work in spite of his illness.

َذ َه َب إَ لى َع َمِل ِه َر ْغ َم َأ َن ُه َم ِري ٌض


d
̄

ahaba


ila ̄


amali-hi rag ̇ma


anna-hu marı


  • d
    ̇


un.

He went to his work, although he is ill.

313

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