Basic Statistics

CONTENTS xi

12.3 The Correlation Coefficient for Two Variables From a Single

Sample

12.3.1 Calculation of the Correlation Coefficient

12.3.2 The Meaning of the Correlation Coefficient

12.3.3 The Population Correlation Coefficient

12.3.4 Confidence Intervals for the Correlation Coefficient

12.3.5 Test of Hypothesis That p = 0

12.3.6 Interpreting the Correlation Coefficient

Linear Regression Assuming the Fixed-X Model

12.4.

12.4.

Other Topics in Linear Regression

12.5.

12.5.

12.5.3 Multiple Regression

Problems

References

12.

Model Underlying the Fixed-X Linear Regression

Linear Regression Using the Fixed-X Model

Use of Transformations in Linear Regression

Effect of Outliers from the Regression Line

12.

13 Nonparametric Statistics

13.1 The Sign Test

13.1.

13.1.

The Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test

13.2.

13.2.

Sign Test for Large Samples

Sign Test When the Sample Size Is Small

Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test for Large Samples

Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test for Small Samples

Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test for Large Samples

Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test for Small Samples

13.

13.3 The Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney Test

13.3.

13.3.

Problems

References

13.4 Spearman’s Rank Correlation

14 Introduction to Survival Analysis

14.1 Survival Analysis Data

14.1.

14.1.

14.2.1 The Death Density Function

Describing Time to an Event

Example of Measuring Time to an Event

14.2 Survival Functions

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