History of the Christian Church, Volume IV: Mediaeval Christianity. A.D. 590-1073.

friend Pardulus, Bishop of Laon. This most remarkable of Scotch-Irishmen was a profound scholar and philosopher, but so far ahea ...

Judas amice instead of inimice, and as lucus is called a non lucendo. Sin lies outside of God, and does not exist for him at all ...

his whole system, was also condemned by a provincial Synod of Sens, and afterwards by Pope Honorius III. in 1225, who characteri ...

(2) Berengarius: De Sacra Coena adv. Lanfrancum liber posterior, first publ. by A. F. & F. Th. Vischer. Berol., 1834 (from t ...

in the elements, retaining their substance;^703 and 3) the Reformed (Calvinistic) theory of a spiritual real or dynamic presence ...

combines the sensuous and spiritual conceptions.^706 He assumes that the soul of the believer communes with Christ, and that his ...

The chief opponent of transubstantiation was Ratramnus,^709 a contemporary monk at Corbie, and a man of considerable literary re ...

to Scotus Erigena.^715 But he expresses his view incidentally in other writings from which it appears that he agreed with Ratram ...

Erigena, was twice condemned in the Berengar controversy (1050 and 1059), and put in the Tridentine Index of prohibited books.^7 ...

was an able dialectician and a popular teacher. He may be ranked among the forerunners of a Christian rationalism, who dared to ...

held at Vercelli in September of the same year; and as he did not appear,^725 he was condemned a second time without a hearing, ...

As soon as he returned to France, he defended his real conviction more boldly than ever. He spoke of Pope Leo IX. and Nicolas II ...

and to the Christian reader for the exercise of charity. "Pray for me that these tears may procure me the compassion of the Almi ...

B.[erengar] has gone to Rome according to thy wishes and letters of invitation. Now is the time for thee to act with Christian m ...

must be understood of the personal sympathy shown him before and after in the last commendatory letters. B. then goes on to expr ...

epoch in history wrote a commentary on the Gospel of Matthew, it should have been so entirely forgotten." Sudendorf, however (p. ...

Nevertheless bread and wine are not empty, symbols, but in some sense the body and blood of Christ which they represent. They a ...

the greatest dialectician of his age, but used dialectics only in support of church authority and tradition, and thus prepared t ...

the power of the priesthood at the expense of the rights of the laity and in plain violation of the command of Christ: "Drink ye ...

The Council of Trent, in the thirteenth session, 1551, reaffirmed the doctrine against the Protestants in these words: "that, by ...