Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt

As the cosmic reflection of harmony, justice, order, and peace, ma’atwas embraced as a social imperative by each new pharaoh asc ...

words meant “True of Voice,” and they appeared in the renditions of the BOOK OF THE DEAD. In the JUDGMENT HALLS OF OSIRIS, ruled ...

ceremonies for common usage even in death. Few texts survive, however, to explain these sorts of rituals. Egyp- tians also hoped ...

with two burial shafts. Some paintings in this tomb have survived. Mai (Maiy)(fl. 14th century B.C.E.) Military official of the ...

dedicated to Ptolemy II. Only fragments of the Aegypticae have survived, but the work was extensively quoted by other writers of ...

of Egypt or establishing unions within the royal families of Greek states. There were ideals concerning marriage and the fam- il ...

into the walls and led to the SERDAB, the chamber in which the statue or statues of the deceased were normally placed. These cha ...

treasury. He was the official who protected Tut’ank- hamun’s tomb when Horemhab began destroying the ’AMARNAPeriod sites and bur ...

170–163, 145–116 B.C.E.) erected a HYPOSTYLE HALL.A second Montu temple was erected in the Ptolemaic Period. Medes (Mada, Madai) ...

with honey and herbs, perhaps to stem infection or to ease pain. Some mummies were also provided with bridges and gold teeth. It ...

courts, and a SACRED LAKE, lead to vestibules and an elab- orate HYPOSTYLE HALL. The sanctuary connected to this hall has a FALS ...

Medinet Wadi See NARMOUTHIS. Medir(fl. 27th century B.C.E.)Governor of the Third Dynasty He served in the reign of DJOSER(2630–2 ...

Mehen A great serpent in the Egyptian cosmological traditions, associated with the solar cult of the god RÉ, Mehen was the prote ...

Meketré(fl. 21st century B.C.E.) Chancellor of the Eleventh Dynasty famous for his mortuary figures He served MONTUHOTEP II(r. 2 ...

2289–2255 B.C.E.) built his beautiful pyramid in SAQ- QARA. That mortuary monument was called Men-nefer- Maré “the Established a ...

ered by costly ASWANstone. A basalt SARCOPHAGUSwas placed within the pyramid and contained fine panel deco- rations. Statues and ...

Mentuemhat, however, defected to Taharqa, who had been forced to flee from Egypt and was regrouping to regain control. When Psam ...

The Egyptians controlled the Nile down to the third cataract during Merenré I’s reign. He cut five canals at the cataracts of th ...

Merit (1)(fl. 14th century B.C.E.)Noblewoman of the Eighteenth Dynasty She was the wife of MAYA, the treasurer for TUT’ANKHAMUN ...

Meryatum (1)(fl. 13th century B.C.E.) Royal woman of the Nineteenth Dynasty Meryatum was the daughter of RAMESSES II(r. 1290–122 ...