Egypt’s nomarchs. His rebellion, aided by CHARONNOPHIS,
was short-lived and confined to the southern territory.
See also REBELS OF EGYPT.
Harpokrates See HORUS.
Harpson(fl. eighth century B.C.E.) Official and sage of
the Twenty-second Dynasty
He served SHOSHENQ V(r. 773–735 B.C.E.) as a counselor
at court. Harpson could trace his lineage to the reign of
SHOSHENQ Iand was a Libyan. He served as a prophet of
the goddess NEITH(1) in the Delta.
Harris Papyrus Called the Great, this is a document
discovered in a cliff tomb at DEIR EL-MEDINAunder a pile
of mummies and dated to the reign of RAMESSES IV
(1163–1156 B.C.E.). The most elaborate of extant papyri,
this document measures some 133 feet and contains 117
columns. The Harris Papyrus provides a detailed account
of the donations made to temples in Egypt by RAMESSES III
(1194–1163 B.C.E.) and was deposited by RAMESSES IV, his
son, as part of the MORTUARY RITUALSinvolved in the
burial of the ruler. The papyrus provides information
about three decades of Ramesses III’s reign. It was written
by three scribes and contains sections concerning
Ramesses III’s patronage of THEBES, HELIOPOLIS, and MEM-
PHIS. The document was dated “the Sixth of Epiphi,” the
day of Ramesses III’s death. It is now in the British
Museum, in London. The papyrus was offered to Mr. A.
C. Harris of Alexandria, hence its name.
Harsaphes A sacred ram deity bearing the Greek
derivation of the original god, Her-shef, the cult center of
Harsaphes was at HERAKLEOPOLIS MAGNA since ancient
times. A shrine was erected in his honor as early as the
First Dynasty (2920–2770 B.C.E.). His Egyptian name
meant “He Who Is On His Lake,” and traditions of his
cult depict him as a creator god who arose out of the
primeval waters. He is mentioned in the PALERMO STONE
and was associated with the cults of the gods RÉand
OSIRIS.
Harsiese(fl. ninth century B.C.E.)Prince of the Twenty-
second Dynasty
He was the son of SHOSHENQ II(r. 883 B.C.E.) and Queen
NESITANEBETASHRU(I) and was made the high priest of
AMUN. Harsiese also served SHOSHENQ III(r. 835–783
B.C.E.) until PEDUBASTE I(r. 828–803 B.C.E.) founded the
Twenty-third Dynasty. The prince sided with Pedubaste
and then tried to establish himself as the ruler. Ambitious
and popular because of his lineage, he caused difficulties
for the royal family in control of Egypt, but he died with-
out having won his cause. He was buried at MEDINET
HABU, at THEBES.
Harsiese’s mummified skull has a hole in the fore-
head, made some years before his death and signaling the
fact that the medical treatment that he received allowed
him to survive the trauma. He was buried in a granite
COFFINtaken from the tomb of HENUTMIRÉ, the sister of
RAMESSES II(r. 1290–1224 B.C.E.). This coffin had a hawk-
headed lid.Harsomtus He was a divine being resulting from the
mystical union of the deities HATHORand HORUS.A MAM-
MISI,or birth house, was erected for Harsomtus at Edfu by
PTOLEMY VIII EUERGETES II(r. 170–163, 145–116 B.C.E.).hat See HEART.Hat-Aten This was the title of the villa of the god ATEN
in the city of AKHETATEN, the ’AMARNAsite founded by
AKHENATEN(Amenhotep IV; r. 1353–1335 B.C.E.). Queen
NEFERTITIis recorded as living in the Hat-Aten when she
moved out of the royal residence after the death of one of
her daughters.Hathor A major Egyptian deity whose name meant
“the House of HORUS,” in the Early Dynastic Period
(2920–2575 B.C.E.), she was esteemed as the consort of a
necropolis god called “the Bull of Amenti.” She then
became associated with Egypt’s SOLAR CULTand was wor-
shiped as the daughter of RÉand the consort of HORUS.
HARSOMTUS, popular in the Ptolemaic Period (304–30
B.C.E.) was the result of the divine union between Hathor
and Horus.Hathor 159Columns honoring the goddess Hathor at Dendereh
(Courtesy Steve Beikirch.)