Tjueneroy 407who was also an adviser. His family had ties to the
rites of the Greek gods Demeter and Persephone, and he
was also familiar with the shrines and oracles at Eleu-
sis and Delphi. Using Timotheus’s advice, Ptolemy I
established the cult of SERAPIS, the Egyptian Osiris-
Apis, and made the deity the patron of the Ptolemaic
Dynasty.
Timsah (Timseh) It was a lake in the eastern Delta of
Egypt, adjacent to the site chosen for the modern Suez
Canal.
Titi(fl. 12th century B.C.E.) Royal woman of the Twenti-
eth Dynasty
She was a consort of RAMESSES III(r. 1194–1163 B.C.E.).
Titi was buried in the VALLEY OF THE QUEENSon the west-
ern shore of Thebes. Her tomb, cruciform in shape, is
small but elaborately decorated.
Tiye (1)(fl. 14th century B.C.E.)Powerful royal woman
of the Eighteenth Dynasty
The consort of AMENHOTEP III(r. 1391–1353 B.C.E.), Tiye
held considerable power during her husband’s reign. She
was the daughter of YUYA, a commoner priest of AKHMIN,
and Thuya, a servant of Queen MUTEMWIYA. Tiye proba-
bly married Amenhotep III when she was 12 years old.
Intelligent, hardworking, and aware of the needs of the
empire, Tiye held administrative posts to assist her some-
what indolent spouse. Her name appeared on official acts
and even on the announcement of Amenhotep III’s mar-
riage to a foreign princess.
Giving birth to Tuthmosis, the original heir who did
not survive long enough to become coregent, and to
AKHENATEN, Tiye also had several daughters, BAKETAMUN,
SITAMUN(2), HENNUTTANEB, Nebtiah, and Iset.
Amenhotep III erected a pleasure complex in
MALKATAon the western shore of Thebes, including a
palace for Tiye. He then retired to the complex, allowing
Tiye to conduct the imperial affairs and to direct royal
officials. Tiye was even mentioned by foreign kings in
their correspondence. She was widowed at the age of 48
and joined Akhenaten in ’AMARNA.
Many portraits were made of Tiye, who was depicted
as having a high forehead, prominent cheekbones, wide-
set, heavy-lidded eyes, and a pouting lower lip. She was
buried at Thebes, and a controversy has developed over
her tomb and mummified remains.
Tiye (2)(fl. 12th century B.C.E.)Royal woman of the
Twentieth Dynasty who plotted a royal assassination
She was a low-ranked consort of RAMESSES III (r.
1194–1163 B.C.E.) of the Twentieth Dynasty. She plotted
his assassination with accomplices and was caught and
condemned. Tiye was the mother of Prince PENTAWERET
and tried to slay Ramesses III and to overthrow
RAMESSES IV, the heir. She enlisted the aid of many court
officials and military commanders as she arranged the
murders.
The plotters struck while Ramesses III celebrated the
first day of the 32nd year of his reign. Discovered and
investigated, Tiye and her HAREMcohorts managed to
corrupt the judges and officials studying her case. The
matter was finally decided in court. Tiye disappeared
immediately afterward and was probably executed.
Pentaweret reportedly was allowed to commit suicide.Tiye (3) (Tyte)(fl. 11th century B.C.E.)Royal woman
of the Twentieth Dynasty
She was the consort of RAMESSES X(r. 1112–1100 B.C.E.)
and the mother of RAMESSES XIand Princess BAKETWEREL
II. Also listed as Tyte, she was a daughter of RAMESSES IX.Tiye-Mereniset(fl. 12th century B.C.E.)Royal woman
of the Twentieth Dynasty
She was the consort of SETHNAKHTE(r. 1196–1194 B.C.E.),
the founder of that royal line. Her name meant “Tiye,
Beloved of Isis.” She married Sethnakhte before he
became the ruler of Egypt, and she was the mother of
RAMESSES III.Tjel It was a site on the border of Egypt, modern Tell
Abu Seifa, and one of the frontier outposts. Tjel was
heavily fortified and had a series of wells.
See also TCHARU; WALL OF THE PRINCE.Tjemehu A people depicted in ancient Egyptian texts
as a blond or red-headed and fair-skinned strain of
Libyans, the Tjemehu lived in the western desert and
took part in invasions and campaigns during the New
Kingdom Period (1550–1070 B.C.E.) and in later histori-
cal periods.Tjet (Djet) He was an unusual deity of Egypt, wor-
shiped in BUSIRISand MENDES, the personification of the
popular amulet associated with the god OSIRISand repre-
senting that deity’s spinal cord or backbone. Tjet was
depicted in the ANI PAPYRUS. Figures of the deity were
made of gold, crystal, porcelain, or gilded wood. Tjet
appeared in the miracle plays conducted by the Osirian
cult priests at ABYDOS.Tjueneroy(fl. 13th century B.C.E.) Building official of
the Nineteenth Dynasty
He served RAMESSES II(r. 1290–1224 B.C.E.) as a director
of royal monuments. Tjueneroy conducted his duties in
MEMPHISand in PER-RAMESSES, the new capital of the
dynasty. He was the author of a valuable king list.