He built his pyramid nearby, called by that name. The
Greeks translated Men-nefer-Maré as Memphis.
Ankhtify (fl. c. 2100 B.C.E.)Powerful aristocratic rebel
He was the ranking noble of HIERAKONPOLIS, who
resided in el-MOALLA, south of THEBES in the Ninth
Dynasty (2134–? B.C.E.). Ankhtify led an army against
THEBESand was defeated in his efforts to establish an
independent southern kingdom. His tomb in el-Moalla
has six chambers and is decorated with paintings
depicting various activities and portraits of him and his
wife.
Ankhu(fl. 18th century B.C.E.)Court official and a fam-
ily of public servants
Ankhu and his clan served during the Thirteenth
Dynasty (1784–c. 1640 B.C.E.) at el-LISHTand at THEBES.
Two of his memorial statues are in the Louvre in Paris.
He recorded extensive restorations in ABYDOS. Several
generations of the Ankhu family conducted official busi-
ness for the crown. One Ankhu was in the service of
KHENDJER(c. 1740 B.C.E.) and SOBEKHOTEP III(c. 1745
B.C.E.).
Ankhwennofre (fl. second century B.C.E.)Rebel of
Egypt in the reign of Ptolemy V Epiphanes
He ruled many areas of the Nile Valley, prompted by the
death of PTOLEMY IV PHILOPATORand the intervention of
the Seleucid king ANTIOCHUS III THE GREAT. The Ptolemaic
army was defeated by Antiochus III at Panion, resulting
in the loss of Egypt’s Asiatic possessions. PTOLEMY V
focused on Ankhwennofre and defeated him, putting an
end to the rebellion and to the threatened succession of
Upper Egypt.
See also REBELS OF EGYPT.
Ankyronpolis See HIBA’, EL-.
Annals of Tuthmosis III See TUTHMOSIS III’S MILITARY
CAMPAIGNS.
Anpu See ANUBIS.
Anqet See ANUKIS.
Antefoker(fl. 20th centuryB.C.E.)Official of the Twelfth
Dynasty
He served SENWOSRET I(r. 1971–1926 B.C.E.)as VIZIER.
Antefoker’s tomb at SHEIK ABD’EL-QURNAcontains long
corridors that lead to the burial chamber. These corridors
are decorated with vibrant scenes of hunts, agricultural
practices, musicians, and a pilgrimage to ABYDOS. The
tomb contained a statue and shrine for Antefoker’s wife.
AFALSE DOORwas included in the design.
Anti Anancient Egyptian war god, worshiped in Upper
Egypt, having a cult center at DEIR EL-GEBRAWI, near old
ASSIUT. The deity was a patron of MERENRÉ Iof the Sixth
Dynasty (r. 2255–2246 B.C.E.). Honoring Anti was proba-
bly part of Merenré’s efforts to influence supporters in the
southern region. His symbol was the falcon.Antigonus I Monophthalmus (Antigonus I Cy-
clops)(d. 301 B.C.E.) Founder of the Antigonids and an
enemy of Egypt
He was a general under ALEXANDER III THE GREAT
(332–323 B.C.E.) and a Macedonian by birth, also called
Antigonus I Cyclops (One-Eyed). Antigonus I founded
the Macedonian dynasty of Antigonids (306–168 B.C.E.)
after Alexander’s death. A brilliant military leader,
Antigonus served as satrap, or provincial governor, in
Phrygia (now part of Turkey), establishing control over
Asia Minor and defeating other rivals of the region.
PTOLEMY SOTER I(r. 304–284 B.C.E.) of Egypt was a
competitor for power, and Antigonus clashed with him,
defeating the Egyptian forces at SALAMISin a naval battle
that took place in 306. Antigonus was aided in this battle
by his son, DEMETRIUS I POLIOCRETES. The two soon
attacked Egypt but were unable to overcome Ptolemy’s
defenses in battle. Ptolemy I then went to the aid of the
island of Rhodes, held by Antigonus, and was given the
title of soter,or “savior,” by the grateful populace when
he freed them. Antigonus faced a coalition of his rivals at
the Battle of Ipsus, in Phrygia, and he was slain there in
301 B.C.E.Antigonus II Gonatas(d. 239 B.C.E.) Ruler of Macedo-
nia and an enemy of Egypt
He was the son of DEMETRIUS I POLIOCRETESand the
grandson of ANTIGONUS I, ruling from 276 to 239 B.C.E.
He forced a rival of ANTIOCHUS I, a Seleucid, to renounce
claims on Macedonia and slowly gained control of
Greece. In 261 B.C.E., during the Chremonidean War, he
also managed to keep Egyptian forces out of the Aegean
Sea. PTOLEMY II PHILADELPHUS (285–246 B.C.E.) had
started the feud and saw his influences weakened as a
result. In the Second Syrian War (c. 260–253 B.C.E.),
Antigonus and Antiochus I allied against Ptolemy II. The
Egyptian ruler talked Antigonus into a peace treaty and
then into marrying his daughter, BERENICE(2), the Egyp-
tian princess.Antiochus I (d. 29 B.C.E.) Ruler of Commagene involved
with Marc Antony
Antiochus I came from the Seleucid line and ruled Com-
magene, a city-state on the Euphrates River. His rule was
sanctioned by POMPEYin 63 B.C.E., making Antiochus a
figurehead. During MarcANTONY’s Parthian campaign (36
B.C.E.), retreating Parthians sought refuge at Samosata.
Antony’s lieutenant, Bassus Ventidius, followed them40 Ankhtify