314 Index
Liquid scintillation counters (cont.):
quenching, 94
secondary solute, 94
solubilizing agent, 94
solvent, 94
wavelength shifter, 94
List mode data acquisition, 144–145
Lithium-drifted detectors, 84
Long-term effects of radiation, 249–258
genetic effects, 256–258
somatic effects, 249–256
Lutetium oxyorthosilicate detector,
83–84
M
Magic numbers, 6
Major organogenesis, effects of
radiation, 255
Mass attenuation coefficient, 65
Mass defect in nucleus, 8, 305
Mass and energy, 1
Mass number, 6, 305
Matrix in computers, 143, 144
Mean absorbed dose per cumulated
activity, 213
Mean life of radionuclide, 25, 305
Mean range, 59
Mean value, 35
Measurement of dosages, 285–286
Medical cyclotron, 45
Medical event, 288–289
Medical uses of radioactive materials,
283–292
Meiosis, 228
Metastable states of nucleus, 12, 305
Micro-PET, 190
Minimum detectable activity, 41
Mitosis, 228
Mobile nuclear medicine service, 285
Mobile PET or PET/CT, 190
(^99) Mo-99mTc generators, 53–54
aluminum breakthrough, 54
(^99) Mo breakthrough, 53–54
Moderators in reactors, 46
Modulation transfer function (MTF),
125–127, 305
(^99) Mo (molybdenum-99), 48
breakthrough, 53–54
decay scheme of, 17
fission product, 48
- 99mTc generator, 53–54
Monitoring, personnel, 277–279
Multichannel analyzer (MCA), 88
Mutations, 231, 256–257
and doubling dose, 256–257
genetic, 256
in DNA molecule, 231
spontaneous, 256
N(^13) N (nitrogen-13), 48
NaI(Tl) detector, 82–83, 86, 101, 104,
110
properties of, 83
in gamma cameras, 110
in gamma well counters, 101
in thyroid probes, 104
NaI(Tl) well counter, 101–104
detection efficiency of, 104
effect of sample volume, 103
energy calibration, 101–102
NCA (no carrier added), 45
Negative predictive value, 42
Neutrino, 17, 19, 305
Neutrons, 6
characteristics of, 3
fast, 46
interaction of, in matter, 68
mass of, 3
thermal, 46
Neutron activation analysis,see
Neutron capture reaction
Neutron capture reaction, 47
No carrier added (NCA), 45
Noise
background in LS counting, 95
effect of, on image contrast, 133
Noise equivalent count rate, 204–205
Nonparalyzable counting systems,
100–101
Nonpenetrating radiations, 56
Normalization in PET, 196–197,
205–206
NRC (Nuclear Regulatory
Commission), 268
Nuclear binding energy, 7
Nuclear chain reaction, 46
Nuclear fission, 46